Discussion on Functions of Otoshi-ami-typed Set-net as Artificial Fish Habitats

落網類定置漁具人工棲所魚礁功能之探討

鄭火元(Sunny Huoo-Yuan Jenq)

《高雄海洋科大學報》 27期 (2013/03) Pp. 27-45

摘要

為探討定置網具之人工棲所魚礁功能，本研究選擇在台灣西南部之屏東縣竹坑滿豐定置漁場，主要以水肺潛水、水下自走式攝影機（ROV）錄像，及定置網漁獲魚種組成，進行長期資料蒐集分析與現場觀測調查。落網類定置網漁具結構包括垣網、運動場網、登網與箱網，長期敷設在漁政單位核准之海域，行以逸代勞之方式誘捕魚族。將漁具三度空間長期敷設在沿岸約35m 水深處陽光充足之水域，每一組漁具依其規模大小，約涵蓋8～12 公頃水域，可創造15～25公頃之人工棲所海洋牧場。結果發現該漁場之網具上附著大量及多樣之海洋動、植物性生物如海藻、珊瑚及藤壺等，並吸引多種魚類到定置網具週邊棲息或覓食。該漁場自1985 年至2004 年，共二十年間之漁獲組成計有70～139 種魚類生物，平均年漁獲魚種有106 種。具有培育海洋生物資源及魚礁建構生物多樣性之功能；兼有發展成扮演海洋保護區雛型之角色功能，堪稱為友善生態之一種沿岸漁業型態。

關鍵字

定置網漁具 ； 工棲所魚礁 ； 下自走式攝影機（ROV）觀察 ； 獲魚種組成

並列摘要

The otoshi-ami-typed set-net fishing gear, comprising leader net, playground net, funnel net and bag net (chamber), is operated by setting the fishing gear in a certain area of water where is specifically authorized by government. All of the parts of nets almost stretch vertically from sea surface to bottom.To preliminarily study artificial fish habitat functions of set-net fishing gear, scuba diving, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) observation and catch species composition analysis were studied. The net gear can create 3-dimention artificial habitat fish reef function, performing bio-diversity. There are many kinds of marine organisms, including alcyonaceans, bryozoa and algae are adhering to main body rope and some kinds of coral species are adhered and many fish species are attracted by/around the net gears. Annual catch species were fluctuated between 70 and 139, average is 106 from 1985 to 2004 at the Mangfong set-net fishing ground.Set-net fishing gear is fixed mostly shallower than 35 m in depth. One region of set-net fishing gear may cover an area of 8~12 hectares depending on the scale of set-net fishing gear. All of the fishing equipments are set in the euphotic zone; therefore they may easily form marine ranches about areas of 15~25 hectares. Mooring ropes and connected ropes and anchoring stones are adhered by many kinds of marine zoo and phyto-organisms. The set-net fishing areas may also be considered to be useful for developing towards marine protected areas (MPAs). Otoshi-ami set-net fishery is known as one kind of coastal eco-friendly fisheries.

並列關鍵字

Otoshi-ami-typed set-net fishing gear ； Artificial fish habitats ； ROV observation ； Catch species composition