園藝活動對社區老人身心健康效益之研究

The Effect of Horticultural Activities for Physical and Psychological Health Benefits in Elderly at Community Care Stations

陳雅玲(Ya-Ling Chen) ； 吳沁縈(Chin-Ying Wu) ； 張祐銓(Yu-Chuan Chang) ； 林昱呈(Yu-Cheng Lin) ； 歐俞宏(Yu-Hung Ou) ； 黃玠璋(Chieh-Chang Huang)

《臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌》 17卷1期 (2021/06) Pp. 39-51

https://doi.org/10.6534/jtotrp.202106_17(1).0004

摘要

研究目的：本研究是探討園藝活動對社區老人身心健康之成效。方法：單一組前後測實驗方式，以立意取樣方式在社區據點收案，排除失智認知障礙長者，共65名參與社區關懷據點長者接受6週園藝活動團體。在活動前後進行前後測，前後測驗包含簡易智能量表（MMSE）及畫鐘測驗（CDT）來評估認知功能；身體健康調查簡表（SF-36），老人憂鬱量表（GDS-15）來評量老人憂鬱狀況；園藝治療福祉效益量表來評量對於老人園藝活動效益。統計方式以配對t檢定來分析園藝活動後身心健康改善狀況。結果：在配對t檢定發現社區老人在簡易智能量表（MMSE, p ＜ .001）、畫時鐘測驗（CDT-D, p ＜ .05）、仿繪鐘（CDT-C, p ＜ .01）有顯著改善，認知功能在園藝活動介入後有改善；身體健康調查簡表（SF-36）中一般健康狀況（p ＜ .001）顯著改善；園藝治療福祉效益量表中僅有園藝栽培技術（p ＜ .01）有顯著進步，但在其它福祉效益（如：成就感、社交技巧）無明顯改善。在老人憂鬱量表（GDS-15, p = .931）並無顯著差異，代表受試者並無明顯憂鬱狀況。結論：透過園藝活動，有效改善社區長者的認知及一般健康。

關鍵字

園藝活動 ； 社區老人 ； 身心健康 ； 職能治療

並列摘要

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using horticultural activities to improve physical and mental health for the elderly in community. Method: A pre-post study design was used to evaluate the effects of 6-weekly horticultural activities for the elderly in community care centers, excluding dementia and cognitive impairment. 65 Participants trained with regular community group activities along with additional 6-week horticultural activities. All participants were assessed before and after 6-week horticultural activities using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) , the clock drawing test (CDT) , 36-item short-form health survey(SF-36), geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) , and horticultural therapy well-being scale. The data were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: The paired t-test results showed the MMSE (p ＜ .001), the clock drawing part (CDT-D, p ＜ .5) and the clock coping part (CTD-C, p ＜ .01) were significantly different between pre- and post-intervention. The 65 elderly in community significantly improved in cognitive function. The general health within SF-36 showed significantly different (p ＜ .001). The gardening techniques which were assessed in horticultural therapy well-being scale (p ＜ .01) significantly improved in the elderly while the other items of well-being (e.g., accomplishment, social skills) didn't show significant improvement. The GDS-15 also had no significant change in elderly, and the participants have no obvious depression. Conclusion: Occupational therapist through horticultural activities effectively improves cognitive function and general health for elderly in community.

並列關鍵字

horticultural activities ； elderly in community ； physical and mental health in elderly ； occupational therapy