八字理論變革和科舉制度關係之探討

作為一種傳承久遠的論命方法，八字理論是如何從以年柱為核心變革到以日干為核心，這一變革和科舉制度有著怎樣的關係，這是本文所要分析探討的。唐代李虛中以年柱為核心推斷人的命運，宋代徐子平將論命的核心從年柱改為日柱的天干，以日干作為八字結構的核心。魏晉南北朝是門閥政治的鼎盛時期，個人命運的貴賤主要取決於出生的世家。科舉制度始於隋代，發展於唐代，完善於宋代。在宋代，大量的寒門士子通過科舉考試入仕為官，個體的命運主要取決於自身的才學才幹和自我奮鬥。影響個人命運的決定性因素，在歷史發展中從出身世家變遷為自身的才學才幹。相應地，八字理論的核心也從反映出身世家的年柱進化到反映個人才學才幹的日干。

關鍵字

八字；李虛中；徐子平；士族；科舉

並列摘要

As a long-established method of fate prediction, how does the Ba Zi reform theory take the year pillar as the basis for taking the heavenly day Stem as the core? What is the relationship between the Ba Zi reform theory and the imperial examination system? This paper will analyze and explore them. In the Tang Dynasty, Xu-zhong LI predicted the fate of people by using the year pillar as the core. In the Song Dynasty, Zi-ping XU changed the core of destiny from the year pillar to the heavenly day Stem and used the heavenly day Stem as the core of the Ba Zi structure. The Wei- Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties periods were the heyday of aristocratic politics. The good or bad individual destiny mainly depends on the family that he/she is born into. The Imperial Examination System was established in the Sui Dynasty, developed during the Tang dynasty and perfected in the Song Dynasty. A large number of poor scholars passed The Imperial Examination and all became officials during the Song Dynasty. Individual destiny was good or bad, depending mainly on one's talent and self-struggle. The decisive factor that affects the fate of an individual changes from the family to his own talent in one's historical development. Correspondingly, the core of the Ba Zi reform theory evolved from the year pillar that reflects one person's family to the day heavenly Stem that reflects his talent and self-struggle.