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相映、相對、相發:屬辭比事與《史記》敘事評點

Narrative Commentary of Shi-Ji and Method of Explain by Relevant Comparison

摘要


史之稱美者,以敘事為先。本文從史傳背景考察,討論《史記》屬辭比事的敘事策略。運用明清評點材料,梳理清代評點家鉤稽《史記》對稱敘事的歷程。則知桐城派自方苞以下,尊奉《左》、《史》,注重《春秋》屬辭比事的概念,先立其大,奠定正確閱讀《史記》的方向,提出「相映」概念,指出《史記》敘事有其結構的對稱性。後來在王又樸、吳汝綸的進一步闡發中,對稱敘事的偶對義法逐步成形,並精益求精,從「相映」到「相發」,注重其文、其事、其義合一。故史傳與敘事之間,透過屬辭比事和偶對義法,便有自史法融通到文法的清晰脈絡。

並列摘要


Historical writing includes historical narrative and historical explanation. Sima Qian's use the method of explain by relevant comparison, as a way of combining historical narrative and historical interpretation. This article discusses the relationship between the method of explain by relevant comparison and the narrative commentary of "shi-ji". It points out the commenter by Tongcheng School in Qing Dynasty used the method of explain by relevant comparison to commentary the Narrative of Shi-Ji.

參考文獻


漢董仲舒、清蘇輿注(1975)。春秋繁露義證。台北:河洛出版社。
(1982)。二十五史。北京:中華書局。
唐劉知幾、清浦起龍釋(1978)。史通通釋。台北:藝文印書館。
明凌稚隆輯、清李光縉增補、有井範平補標(1992)。補標史記評林。台北:地球出版社。
明.歸有光評點,《歸震川評點本史記》,武昌:張裕釗刊本,1876。

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