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晴雯新論:《紅樓夢》人物形象與意涵的重省

A New Essay on QingWen in Dream of the Red Chamber

摘要


基於現代思潮對晴雯的偏愛,往往以素樸的個人主義賦予追求平等、自由、富於抗爭精神的意義。本文採取「詮釋文本」(interpreting a text)而非「使用文本」(using a text)的研究角度,回置傳統文化脈絡與知識資料庫(repertories)聚焦於影響性格的後天條件,對此一人物的形象與意涵進行重省,更深地理解構成晴雯之主要性格的環境因素,以及其性格中所隱含的不安定因子。可以說,晴雯明確被定位於傳統倫理體系中非正統的寵姬身分,尤其透過「撕扇」的形象塑造,讓晴雯清楚帶有褒姒的疊影,可謂小說家勾畫人物典型時的畫龍點睛,也是界定晴雯性格時至關緊要的文化參照系,正因種種帶有過度性、逾越性的言行舉止觸犯了王夫人的底線,而終遭攆逐之下場。也因為如此之特殊性格,由其擔綱鋪陳的情節多為溢出正統規範的非常狀態,與「自由」的真諦無關,若是頻繁出現便意味著更多出格的紛擾與衝突,以致《紅樓夢》前八十回中,晴雯的出場次數不及襲人的三分之二,這可以說是敘事邏輯上必然的結果。

關鍵字

紅樓夢 晴雯 寵姬 褒姒 水蛇腰

並列摘要


Qing Wen used to be interpreted with favoring eyes. Her naïve individualism is welcomed and praised as fighting spirit in pursuit of personal freedom and equality. However, this line of interpretation might be motivated by an intention of the modern thought trend; the text might be used rather than be textually interpreted. This paper tries to analyze the figure from the traditional culture context and repertories of the novel, focusing upon the uncertain factors inherent in her character and the a posteriori environmental factors shaping her main characteristics. The conclusion is: Qing Wen is set in the status of a favorite concubine in the traditional ethic system. The excesses and transgression accompanied with the favorite concubine status lay a background and basis for Qing Wen's tragic expulsion by Lady Wang. Among others, this paper also notices and discusses the connection between Qing Wen's tearing fan and Bao Si's. This connection and double ghosting is a key cultural reference in defining Qing Wen's figure.

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