Effects of Bourse Shoot Manipulation on Growth and Quality of Asian Pear Fruit in Annual Top-Working System

調控副梢生長對寄接梨果實發育及品質之影響

李昇陽(Sheng-Yang Li) ； 李國譚(Kuo-Tan Li)

《臺灣園藝》 60卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 125-133

摘要

寄接梨花苞在盛開後，其下的腋芽會開始萌發，長成枝條，稱之為副梢。副梢生長與幼果發育期重疊，彼此共用維管束系統，故副梢對梨果養分的提供和對水分運移的影響，可能比遠距離且受高接處分隔之橫山梨枝條大。果農多將副梢於套袋前剪除，設若副梢是果實生長中後期的重要碳水化合物供源，保留副梢則有利於果實生長，進而增加單位產量。另外，維管束同源關係除影響碳水化合物的運移，副梢對梨果水分累積的影響，也當較橫山梨枝條來得大。本試驗於苗栗縣卓蘭鎮以20年生橫山梨植株寄接新興梨穗，於盛花後至果實套袋前進行4種不同時期與強度之副梢修剪處理：1）BR，副梢於果實套袋前截短至8片葉；2）CK，對照組，副梢生長至8片葉前先行摘心，再於果實套袋前完全疏除；3）NP，保留副梢不作任何修剪；4）NB，隨時摘除新生副梢，調查處理前後副梢生長與對果實生長發育之影響。結果顯示副梢修剪或摘除不影響果實生長曲線，但降低果實相對生長速率，果實直徑於去除副梢之後會暫時比保留副梢處理者小，但不論何種操作方式，採收時之最終的單位產量、果重和果實糖度均不受處理影響。

關鍵字

高接梨栽培系統 ； 砂梨 ； 新興 ； 橫山 ； 果實生長

並列摘要

High chilling-requiring Asian pear (＂Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai＂) cultivars are commercially produced with the annual top-working system in subtropical lowlands of Taiwan. For convenience of bagging practice, growers usually remove bourse shoots before bagging. However, mature bourse shoots might not only be an important source for carbohydrate supply to support further fruit growth but also have a considerable impact on fruit water balance. In this experiment, ’Shinko’ budwoods were used and grafted on 20-year-old ’Hengshan’ trees in a commercial orchard in central Taiwan. Four bourse shoot thinning treatments were constructed as follows: 1) BR, bourse shoots were headed to eight leaves on 2 April before bagging; 2) CK, burse shoots were tipped when eight mature leaves developed and then were completely thinned off before bagging, the conventional operation adapted in the top-working system; 3) NP, no manipulation applied to bourse shoots during the season; 4) NB, any emerging bourse shoot from budburst to the end of the experiment was immediately and completely removed. We evaluated the impact of bourse shoot manipulation on shoot growth, fruit growth, and fruit quality. Manipulation of bourse shoots did not change fruit growth pattern, while the presence of bourse shoots increased relative growth of adjacent young fruits. However, final fruit size, yield and total soluble solids content did not differ among treatments.

並列關鍵字

top-working pear production ； "Pyrus pyrifolia" ； Shinko ； Hengshan ； fruit growth