磷對番茄果實尻腐病發生率與品質之影響

Effects of Phosphorus on Blossom-end Rot Incidence and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Fruits

李宜庭(Yi-Ting Lee) ； 林淑怡(Shu-I Lin)

《臺灣園藝》 64卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 91-112

摘要

鈣與磷為植物生長發育所需必要元素，鈣具有穩定細胞膜與細胞壁結構之功用，亦是重要次級傳訊者；磷調控多項生理、生化反應，亦是細胞膜構成之重要組成。番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)為世界重要蔬果。在世界各地番茄生產區曾因缺鈣生理障害－尻腐病(blossom-end rot, BER)的發生，導致嚴重經濟損失。本試驗以肥液滴灌方式給予植株不同濃度磷肥，探討其對番茄果實尻腐病發生率與品質之影響。試驗結果顯示相較於低磷處理(6.82 -13.64 mg．L^(-1))，高磷(26.66 -53.32 mg．L^(-1))處理降低‘種苗亞蔬15號’之紅熟期果實外部尻腐病發生率與嚴重度；‘CLN2460L'與'Heinz 1706’因為尻腐病發生率低，不易看出高磷處理對尻腐病發生率與嚴重度之效果；但高磷處理反而提高'美惠'果實外部尻腐病發生率與嚴重度。上述結果顯示高磷處理降低尻腐病發生情形受品種影響，果實產量與總可溶性固形物含量則不受磷處理濃度所影響。

關鍵字

番茄 ； 尻腐病 ； 鈣 ； 磷

並列摘要

Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential elements for plant growth and development. Calcium functions in maintaining structures of cell membrane and cell wall, and also serves as an important second messenger. Phosphorus is involved in the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes, and is also an important component of cell membrane. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable and fruit in the world and blossom-end rot (BER), a Ca related physiological disorder, had led to serious economic losses in worldwide tomato commercial productions. Through studying the effects of applying different concentrations of phosphate fertilizers to plants with trickle fertigation, this research intended to explore the effects of P on BER incidence and fruit quality of tomatoes. The results show that when compared to low P treatment (6.82 -13.64 mg．L^(-1)), high P concentration treatment (26.66 -53.32 mg．L^(-1)) reduced the external BER incidence and severity of 'Taiwan Seed ASVEG #15' red stage fruits as compared to low P treatment. The effects of high P concentration treatment on BER incidence and severity could not be easily observed because BER incidence was low in 'CLN2460L' and 'Heinz 1706', while high P concentration treatment increased external BER incidence and severity of 'Mei Huei'. In conclusion, reduced BER occurrence by high P treatments is cultivar-dependent, while fruit yield and total soluble solids content were not affected by P concentration.

並列關鍵字

tomato ； blossom-end rot ； calcium ； phosphorus