洋桔梗之花型與花色遺傳

洋桔梗育種強調花型及花色，解析其遺傳機制有助於提升育種效率。本研究選臺南區農業改良場自交4－6世代之洋桔梗純系，調查其F_1之花朵性狀。結果顯示不論親本花徑為何，F_1花徑皆為中輪（5.1－5.9cm）或大輪花（≧6.0cm），F_1花徑均≥親本花徑。重瓣×重瓣、重瓣×單瓣或單瓣×重瓣之雜交組合均為重瓣，推測重瓣係由一個完全顯性之基因控制（D'）。將紅、藍、紫或粉紅花色等具花青素之品系相互雜交，其F_1均為具花青素之花色。取花瓣具花青素×不具花青素（白或黃綠花色）或不具花青素×花青素等親本相互雜交，其F_1花瓣均具花青素。單一花色之雜交F_1均為純色。覆輪花色×覆輪花色、覆輪花色×單一花色或單一花色×覆輪花色之雜交組合多為覆輪花色，有些外觀為純白花品系可能具覆輪基因。白花與黃綠花色品系雜交組合之F_1均為黃綠色。本研究參試之洋桔梗花瓣累積色素之顏色顯性關係大致為紫＞粉紅＞白。

關鍵字

花青素；育種；重瓣；純系

並列摘要

A better understanding of the inheritance of flower form and color in lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] would facilitate breeding efficiency. This study investigated the flower traits of F_1 hybrids from crossing several pure lines, which were selfed 4-6 generations at Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Taiwan. Results showed that flower diameter of the F_1 ranged from medium (5.1-5.9 cm) to large (≧6.0 cm) sizes, which were equal to or larger than parental flower diameter. All F_1 hybrids from crosses between double-flowered lines and reciprocal crosses between double- and single-flowered lines produced double flowers. F_1 hybrids produced flowers with anthocyanins, provided that flowers of one or both parents had anthocyanins. F_1 from crosses between single-colored lines produced single-colored flowers. Although some lines with pure white flowers may carry picotee genes, all F_1 produced picotee flowers when one or both parents had picotee flowers. F_1 from crossing white and yellowish-green flower lines produced yellowish-green flowers. The order of dominance of pigment color on flowers generally behaved as purple ＞ pink ＞ white.

並列關鍵字

anthocyanin ； breeding ； double flower ； pure line

國際替代計量

洋桔梗之花型與花色遺傳

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