選舉制度與政黨制度對民主化影響之研究

The Impact of Electoral and Party Systems on Democratization

黃炎東(Yuan-Dong Huang)

《華人前瞻研究》 10卷1期 (2014/05) Pp. 97-111

摘要

憲政體制、選舉制度及政黨體制乃是民主政治的三大基石，大凡研究一個國家的政治，除了研究其憲政體制外，尚須對其選舉制度及政黨制度之運作情形有所瞭解，否則很難窺其國家實際政治之堂奧。本論文之研究乃是透過對當前世界各主要民主國家的政黨體制與選舉制度，就其類型與特性功能及運作原則加以解析。並就選舉制度與政黨制度的關係，從學理與實際運作上，及彼此所影響之因素與問題加以探討，分析其利弊得失，以尋求較能符合我國未來政治發展需要的選舉制度，建立良性競爭的政黨政治，提升優質的憲政文化，以臻國家與人民於更為富強康樂的民主新境界。

關鍵字

一黨制 ； 兩黨制 ； 多黨制 ； 相對多數選舉制〈即單一選區相對多數投票制〉 ； 絕對多數選舉制〈即二輪投票制〉 ； 比例代表制 ； 杜瓦傑定律

並列摘要

The constitutional system, the electoral system, and party system are the three cornerstones of democracy. In the studies on a country's politics, it is essential to understand the operations of the electoral and party systems in addition to studying its constitutional system; otherwise, it would be difficult to peep into its actual politics. This study is focused on analyzing the current party and electoral systems of the major democratic countries in the world in terms of the types, features, functions and operating principles. This paper investigates into the relationship between the electoral system and the party system, the factors and problems affecting each other, and analyzes their pros and cons from the theoretical and actual operation, to seek the electoral system that meets the needs of our future political development, establish party politics with healthy competition, enhance the quality of constitutional culture, and attain a new democratic realm with a more prosperous country and happier people.

並列關鍵字

One-Party System ； Two-Party System ； Multi-Party System ； The Simple Majority the Single Ballot System ； The Simple Majority with the Second Ballot System ； Proportional Representation System ； Duverger's Law