The Christ-Centered Anthropology of Ignatius of Loyola and His Approach of Spiritual Formation in the Spiritual Exercises

依納爵《神操》的基督中心人觀與靈命形塑方法

伍潘怡蓉(Annie Y. J. Pan Ng)

《漢語基督教學術論評》 16期 (2013/12) Pp. 9-42

摘要

在過去的十年，靈命培育的課題逐漸引起華人教會的探討，許多神學院也開始提供關於基督教靈修學與靈命形塑課程。此文長是提出一個關於研究靈修學與靈修傳統的架構：包括靈修傳統創立者的生命經歷對她的靈修路線的影響、此靈修傳統中的經典作品、作品中對人觀的前設與靈命形塑的方法，以及古典靈修作品提供給現代靈命培育的洞見。本文將以依納爵靈修傳統作示範，嘗試將此靈修傳統的研究架構介紹給華人教會，我們會及中探討依納爵靈修傳統經典－《神操》的靈命形塑方法與其中的人觀。分析重點包括依納爵在個人屬靈歷程塑造經驗裡的重要體會－「靈命形塑是一種效法基督的朝聖之旅」，也包括分析依納爵如何用「效法基督」這一個中心概念作為《神操》此書的靈命形塑主要進路，並整理出依納爵在《神操》中以基督為中心的整全的人觀。最後，我們在總結時指出，是依納爵以基督為中心的整全的人觀使得《神操》的靈命形塑可以落時在操練者生命中。藉由本文的研究與討論，我們將示範基督教歷史中的靈修傳統可以成為現代靈命形塑的重要資源之一，而依納爵《神操》中的整全靈命形塑方法的確可提供給現代教會可參考的洞見與省思。

關鍵字

靈修學 ； 依納爵 ； 效法基督 ； 人觀 ； 靈命形塑

並列摘要

Over the past decade, the topic of spiritual formation has been increasingly discussed in Chinese Protestant churches and courses on Christian spirituality and spiritual formation have been taught in many theological seminaries. In this paper, I suggest an approach to studying traditional Christian spiritual classics. This approach engages the experience, the background and the anthropological foundation of the authors of those spiritual classics. It also tackles the main thoughts and the main thoughts and the mode of spiritual formation in the text, and their insights to contemporary spiritual formation. This paper is an attempt to introduce one of the Christian classics, Ignatius's Spiritual Exercises, to Chinese churches. Here, I investigate Ignatius's approach to spiritual formation and his Christ-centered anthropology as set out in the Spiritual Exercises. I analyze this topic through three main themes; Ignatius's individual experience of spiritual formation in his ＂pilgrimage of the imitation of Christ＂, Ignatius's description of his Christ-centered anthropology and its structure. Finally, I conclude that Ignatius's approach to spiritual formation through the imitation of Christ has to be understood through his Christ-centered anthropology. In this investigation, I demonstrate that Christian spiritual classics are an important resource for contemporary spiritual formation and Ignatius's holistic approach to spiritual formation can provide insights for contemporary churches.

並列關鍵字

spirituality ； Ignatius of Loyola ； the imitation of Christ ； anthropology ； the spiritual formation

參考文獻

Brodrick, James(1998).Saint Ignatius Loyola: The Pilgrim Years 1491-1538.San Francisco:Ignatius Press.

Sheldrake, Philip(ed.)(1991).The Way of Ignatius Loyola: Contemporary Approach to the Spiritual Exercises.London:SPCK.

Brou, Alexandre, SJ. Ignatian Methods of Prayer. Translated by William J. Young, SJ. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1949

Burke, Kevin F.,Burke-Sullivan, Eileen,Zagano, Phyllis(2009).The Ignatian Tradition.Collegeville:Liturgical Press.

Capes, David D.(2003).Imitation Christi and the Gospel Genre.Bulletin for Biblical Research.13(1)