The Question of Adam's Grace and the Theology of Pure Nature in Robert Bellarmine's Commentary on the Summa

博敏《神學大全評註》中的亞當恩寵問題與純粹本性

蔡翼倫(Thomas Yilun Cai)

《漢語基督教學術論評》 24期 (2017/12) Pp. 7-39

摘要

The Italian Jesuit theologian Robert Bellarmine, when teaching at the Jesuit College in Louvain (1570-76), proposed a hypothesis that God might have created the first man in a purely natural state and have not elevated human beings to the supernatural end. The hypotheis should be read in the context of Bellarmine’s efforts to correct the Louvain theologian Baius' teaching on Adam's grace. For Bellarmine, the hypothetical man in puris naturalibus helps to explain the gratuity of God's grace granted to Adam at the beginning of his existence. Taking a historical perspective, we find that Bellarmine is not the creator of the theology of pure nature. His theology of pure nature is a synthesis of the theological tradition in the preceding centuries.

關鍵字

Robert Bellarmine ； early modern theology ； natura pura ； theology of grace

並列摘要

義大利耶穌會神學家博敏於1570年至1576年在魯汶的耶穌會學院教授《神學大全》。在這期間，他提出上帝完全能夠在創造人類始祖的時候單單賦予他相稱人類自然本性的能力，並同時不把人類提升到追尋榮福直觀這個超性的終點。博敏的這個假設主要針對當時魯汶大學的神學家巴依烏關於亞當的恩寵學說而產生，其目的在於解釋亞當的原初狀態是源自於上帝白白賦予的恩寵，而非祂對於人有任何的虧欠。博敏基於此假設而構建的純粹自然本性神學延續了中世紀後期以降的神學傳統，並把這些傳統整合進了自己的學說中。

並列關鍵字

博敏 ； 現代早期神學 ； 自然本性 ； 恩寵神學

參考文獻

Bellarmine, Robert. In I partem D. Thomae lectiones (q. 1-q. 119). Historical Archives, Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome

Bellarmine, Robert. In IaIIae partem D. Thomae commentaria (q. 55-q. 114), Historical Archives, Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome

Galeota, Gustavo(1966).Bellarmino contro Balo a Lovanio: studio e testo di un inedito Bellarminiano.Roma:Herder.

Cajetan, Thomas. Commentaria in Summam. In Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Opera omnia. Leonine edition, vol. 4-12. Rome, 1888-1906

Denzinger, Heinrich,Schönmetzer, Adolfos(1967).Enchiridion symbolorum definitionum et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum.Barcinone:Herder.