施賴爾馬赫是經驗－表現論者嗎？回應林貝克－普勞德福特對施賴爾馬赫的神學所做的經典批判

Is Schleiermacher an Exponent of Experiential-Expressive Model? A Response to Lindbeck-Proudfoot's Classical Critique of Schleiermacher's Theology

張雲濤(Zhang Yuntao)

《漢語基督教學術論評》 27期 (2019/06) Pp. 197-219

摘要

林貝克和普勞德福特認為，施賴爾馬赫主張經驗－表現論的範式，試圖對宗教現象進行內在的分析和澄清。依據這種範式，宗教直觀或情感先於且獨立於概念和信念，包括教義在內的宗教語言只是它們的外在表達，不能中介和塑造它們，宗教團體是個體進行宗教交流的產物。本文依據對施賴爾馬赫的文本所做的精細解讀和分析回應這種經典批判，指出它並不恰當。事實上，在施賴爾馬赫看來，宗教經驗不是個體孤立地、自然地生產出來的；相反，它只有在團體中才能產生，並且被團體的傳統和經典塑造和規範。相應地，教義也不是個體的經驗的表達，而是對宗教經驗中所蘊含的規範和標準的有邏輯條理的陳述。

關鍵字

經驗－表現論 ； 文化－語言學 ； 團體 ； 教義

並列摘要

Lindbeck and Proudfoot claimed that Schleiermacher was an exponent of experiential-expressive paradigm and made efforts to give an internal analysis and elucidation of religious phenomenon. According to this paradigm, religious intuition or feeling is prior to and independent of concepts and beliefs, religious languages including doctrines are just their external expressions, and could not mediate and shape them, and finally, the religious community is just a product of religious communications among religious persons. This paper responds to this classical critique on the basis of careful interpretation and analysis of Schleiermacher's texts and argues that their critique is not appropriate. In fact, according to Schleiermacher, religious experience is not what the individual alone can produce naturally. On the contrary, it comes into being only in and through the community, and is shaped and regulated by the tradition and classics of the community. Accordingly, doctrine is not just the expression of the individual experience, but the logically ordered presentation of the norms and criterion which are contained by that experience shaped and regulated by the community and its tradition.

並列關鍵字

experiential-expressive ； cultural-linguistic ； community ； doctrine

參考文獻

Alston, William. Perceiving God: The Epistemology of Religious Experience. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.

Barnard, William. “Explaining the Unexplainable: Wayne Proudfoot’s ‘Religious Experience’.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 2 (1992): 231-56.

Barth, Karl. The Theology of Schleiermacher: Lectures at Göttingen, Winter Semester of 1923/24. Edited by Dietrich Ritschl. Translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982.

Behrens, Gerog. “Schleiermacher Contra Lindbeck on the Status of Doctrinal Sentences.” Religious Studies 4 (1994): 399-417.

Bush, Stephen. “Concepts and Religious Experiences: Wayne Proudfoot on the Cultural Construction of Experiences.” Religious Studies 4 (2012): 101-17.