並列摘要
This article discusses conceptual definitions of dysphagia, including characteristics, antecedents and consequences, constructing examples, and empirical measurements using Walker & Avant's methodology of concept analysis. People with dysphagia condition are at high risk of malnutrition and aspirated pneumonia. There are limited resources in literature on the concept analysis of dysphagia. Dysphagia is interchangeable with impaired swallowing in the literature. It is defined as passage difficulty of food from mouth to stomach and is divided into three attributes: oral, pharyngeal and esophageal. The causes of dysphagia include malfunction, structural abnormalities and other problems; the influences of dysphagia such as malnutrition, dehydration, aspirated pneumonia and poor quality of life.
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延伸閱讀
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