The paper details the nursing experience of a young woman diagnosed with breast cancer and who later received modified radical mastectomy. Care was provided from April 23 to 30, 2013. The nurse applied Roy’s Adaptation Model during physical assessment, observation, and interview. The patient’s health problems included acute pain, disturbed body image, and situational low self-esteem. The caring process began with establishment of an excellent nurse-patient relationship and provided integral and individualized nursing measures on diseases-related self-care information. Through an empathetic manner, the nurse encouraged the patient to speak about the changes and views brought by the disease, and guided the patient to change a negative view of body image, to identify self-value, and to improve breast cancer-related low self-esteem. This guidance helped the patient gain accurate self-care knowledge and the ability to resume her normal life activities. This study is intended to provide nursing staff a reference in caring for breast cancer patients.