從權利以及家長觀點來談兒少休閒

1989年聯合國「兒童權利公約」（UN Convention on the Rights of the Child）第三十一條提及，尊重和促進兒童休閒活動充分參與的權利是重要的。由於兒童休閒活動參與深受家長等成人態度左右所影響，本文論述策略則是由八十八位兒少家長觀點，來探討兒少休閒樣態是否得以自主選擇。透過立意取樣以及滾雪球方式，進行個別訪談。研究結果顯示，家長對兒少休閒自主選擇具有合理以及不合理的評估判準。受到家庭休閒活動樣態所影響，兒少休閒選擇分別有主動建議以及被動配合樣態。因性別、能力、風險評估以及不信任等考量，使得兒少休閒娛樂選擇可能引發親子之間的意見不一致以及衝突。家長對兒少休閒選擇權看法反映家庭規則、教養控制以及兒少自我決定的學習歷程。因此，兒少休閒權實踐應將家長保護以及兒少自主納入考量。

關鍵字

兒童權利；家長；休閒；參與；質性研究

並列摘要

Article 31 of the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child includes respect for and promotion of the rights of children and adolescents to fully participate in leisure activities. Children's participation in leisure activities is strongly influenced by the attitudes of adults, such as parents. The aim of this study is to explore whether children's leisure activity choices can be independent of the perspectives of their parents. Individual interviews were conducted with 88 parents through purposed sampling and snowballing. Influenced by the preferences of their families, children's and adolescents' leisure activity choices can be explored from the perspectives of active voices and reluctant participation, respectively. Barriers to active participation in leisure activities by children and adolescents include gender, risk assessment, independent mobility, and trust in the social environment. Differing viewpoints on leisure activities lead to conflicts between parents' right to protect children from potential harm and children's right to freely choose. Parents' views on children's and adolescents' leisure activities are reflected in family rules, parenting controls, and children's self-determination. Therefore, children's right to leisure should take into consideration parental protection and children's level of independence.