知識進入身體：孔子文禮教育及其重建周文的社會建構意義探析

As the knowledge embodied: Confucius's Literal and Etiquette-operation Education for the rebuilding of the Chou civilization and the meanings of the social construction

許嘉哲(Hsu Chia-che)

《高醫通識教育學報》 11期 (2016/12) Pp. 53-78

摘要

東周文明之崩解與合法性危機表現在「德」與「禮」不一的問題，是扮演制度化繼承者角色本身的品質，與他們所代表的該制度所宣稱的價值出現了不一致的問題，天子、邦君到士大夫失德，文明的崩解就從這個信任體系的崩解反映出來，故老子曰：「夫禮者，忠信之薄而亂之首也。」只有重新培養出能夠從自己身上生產出文明意義的人，才是重新建立制度、推動制度、並傳承制度的最重要基礎。孔子的教育作為一種有目的與意義的社會行動，具有強烈而積極的社會建構取向，孔子把綜合東周「德」與「禮」之制度理念，整合為「博文約禮」的文明共同體知識傳遞體系，這體系有其自身內在的邏輯與規則，是一種教育學意義理解上的「教育結構」。文禮教育與述而不作的講學構成了文明意義生產活動，這意義生產模式並非單向的灌輸與複製，而是在身體動作與禮儀空間展開的操作中，啟發身體空間的感知，而能舉一反三的培養出承載社會建構意義與知識的身體場；而話語意識與實踐意識都能反應出忠信入德水準的德行身體，就成為重建文明共同體的社會主觀建構基礎。

關鍵字

孔子 ； 文禮教育 ； 身體空間 ； 知識社會學 ； 政治修辭學

並列摘要

The gradually collapse of the East-Chou civilization and the sequent legislative crisis happened under the incoherent situation between the ＂Virtue＂ and the ＂Rites＂, that was due to the basically discordant between the qualities of the core character who inherited institutions and the institutional values they have declaimed. A prevalent moral failure occurred from the paramount level to the hierarchic employees reflects the collapse of the civilization involving the social trust relations, and therefore Lao-tzu ever said that ＂Etiquette becomes prevalent when people fail to be sincere and honest. Hence, chaos begins.＂ There were persons who voluntarily produce the meanings in their own bodies, there were the grounds steadfast for institutional reproductions and development. As a kind of social act with certain purposes and meanings, Confucius's education was strongly social constructional oriented. After synthesized the institutional ideas consisting both of the Virtues and the Rites about the East-Chou, Confucius had developed a knowledge delivery system of the civilizational universe, which immanent logic and principles operated, it was a true ＂Educational Structure＂ in the view of education. Literal and etiquette operation educations, ＂transmit but not to innovate＂, both pedagogies by Confucius conducted the civilizational meanings producing. The mode of meaning producing was not merely a one-direction process in inculcating and reproducing, instead to open the physical spatial perceptions by body movements and ritual spaces processing, that would lead to achieve the body field with which social constructional knowledge and meanings carried. As the result, a virtualized body field that react to the dicoursive consciousness and the practical consciousness, even transcend to the royalty and trustworthy, would be the ground of subjective social construction for civilization rebuilding.

並列關鍵字

Confucius ； Literal and Etiquette-operation Education ； Space of body ； Sociology of Knowledge ； Rhetoric of politic