台灣與美國居家安寧療護之比較

The Comparison of Hospice Home Care between Taiwan and America

許姿婷(Tzu-Ting Hsu) ； 洪慧君(Hui-Chun Hung) ； 詹珮珊(Pei-Shan Chan) ； 黃心怡(Shin-Yi Huang) ； 黃珮茹(Pei-Ju Huang) ； 蔡素珍(Su-Jen Tsai)

《長庚科技學刊》 10期 (2009/06) Pp. 123-135

https://doi.org/10.6192/CGUST.2009.6.10.10

摘要

在2007年世界衛生組織(WHO)提出，安寧緩和醫療應從癌症病人被診斷後即建立，安寧療護爲緩和療護中的一部分，主要是在病患家中或機構中提供對臨終者的照護。在密西根(Michigan)長期照護機構之參訪過程中，實地參訪美國安寧療護體系的機構，引發學生對居家安寧療護的興趣，除實際參訪外，進一步藉由文獻查證及資料收集等方法來瞭解台灣與美國居家安寧療護的差異，發現其中差異性最大的是居家安寧療護模式、機構型態及居家安寧療護護理人員的種類；在居家安寧療護模式上，美國比台灣額外分出持續性居家照護及擴大至照顧者服務，機構型態則比台灣另外分出以社區爲根基、單一功能的居家安寧機構及特珠的醫療處所，而居家護理人員的種類，美國分爲註冊護士、評估護士、待命護士及主護護士，台灣目前無作特別區分。希望藉此報告能幫助護理學生瞭解居家安寧機構的現況與發展，並提供未來台灣居家安寧療護機構發展的參考。

關鍵字

安寧緩和療護 ； 居家安寧療護 ； 長期照護

並列摘要

After visiting the long-term care facilities in Michigan, the researchers were motivated to conduct a study on hospice home care. Except for a visiting tour to the long-term care facilities in Michigan, the information obtained was mainly based on literature review. In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested that palliative care should be started from the beginning of the diagnosis of cancer. One part of palliative care is hospice care which mainly provides care for dying people at home or in the institutions. This paper aimed to make a comparison between the hospice home care of Taiwan and that of the U.S. The main differences identified were the models of hospice home care, the types of hospice facilities, and the classifications of nurses. In America, the hospice home care models offered continuing home care and extended caregiver services. The hospice facilities consisted of community based facilities, single function facilities, and specialized residences. The home hospice care nurses were classified into registered nurses, assessment nurses, on-call nurses, and primary care nurses. However, there were no above mentioned models and classifications in Taiwan. It is hoped that this paper can help the nursing students better understand hospice home care and further help the development of the hospice home care in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Hospice palliative care ； Hospice home care ； Long term care