從競爭均衡觀點看大專籃球聯賽之發展策略

本研究目的在透過競爭均衡的觀點，探討大專籃球聯賽公開組第一級競爭均衡之現況，比較公開組第一級男、女聯賽競爭均衡之差異，並以全美大學運動聯盟的作法為基礎，提供大專籃球聯賽作為提升球隊競爭均衡及發展的依據。本研究透過勝率標準差、赫芬達爾—赫希曼指數及勝率基尼係數等計算方式，探討89~101學年度大專公開組第一級男、女籃球聯賽晉級前八強球隊之競爭均衡變化情形。研究結果顯示：一、94學年度後，由於「世大運條款」及「大專條款」的實施，使得公開組第一級籃球聯賽之競爭較過去幾年趨於均衡。二、公開組第一級男、女籃球聯賽的冠軍仍為少數球隊壟斷的局面。三、公開組第一級女子籃球聯賽的競爭較為失衡。本研究結論發現公開組第一級籃球聯賽之競爭趨於均衡，但女子組仍有進步空間。在促進競爭均衡的作法上建議學校在招募球員時，應提供球員財務（獎學金）及非財務（訓練、家教、設施等）上的誘因，並避免優秀球員集中於少數球隊中。此外仿照NCAA對球員學業上的要求，將有助於聯賽更健全的發展。

關鍵字

全美大學運動聯盟；勝率標準差；勝率基尼係數；赫芬達爾-赫希曼指數

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the competitive balance issue of University Basketball Association (UBA), and compared the competitive balance between Division I male and female teams that advanced to final 8. Furthermore, this research provided some propositions to reduce the competitive unbalance situation based on the regulations of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The statistical methods of Standard deviation of winning percentages, Hirfindahl-Hirschman index, and Gini coefficients of winning percentages were applied to compare the competitive balance during the period from 89 to 101 academic years. The result showed that: 1. The competition was more balance after 94 academic years. 2. UBA has been dominated by relatively few teams over last decade. 3. There was greater competitive balance among the men's basketball teams than for the women's teams. In conclusion, the imbalance situation was reduced because of the regulations. In order to increase the competitive balance this study suggested that teams could offer financial compensation (scholarships) and nonmonetary benefits (training, tuition, facilities) as recruited players. Besides, UBA could follow the NCAA's ＂Academic Enhancement＂ program as a model to improve the healthy development of players.