「熊經」的名稱、屬性與練法

The Name, Attribute and Practice of ＂Xiong Jing＂

林葉連(Lin yeh lien) ； 林諭勵(Yu-Li Lin)

《臺大體育學報》 38輯 (2020/03) Pp. 25-37

https://doi.org/10.6569/NTUJPE.202003_(38).0003

摘要

「熊經」一語最早見於《莊子．刻意》，是著名的古代養生術的代表語詞。「熊經」在漢朝書籍和出土文物中都留有相關資料，並且成為「華佗五禽戲」的運動項目之一，由此可知，它是一種歷代傳承的運動。時至今日，某些太極拳家也十分注重「熊經」的鍛練。古代曾有不少學者解釋「熊經」的詞意，其準確度互有參差，有人推尊它是崇高神秘的求仙之道，給予過度的稱譽。有人視之為有益身心的運動方法。但也有人抱持懷疑或否定的態度，視之為惑眾的無用之說。有些文人站在動物學或文學的立場，於是熊經就只是自然生物的平常動作而已。本篇將古代文人或武士對於熊經的評述作了分類，發現文人和練武家應用「熊經」這個語詞，各有偏重和差異；無論正面的、負面的，或是無關正面或負面的評述，本篇針對各類說法逐一探討和說明。本篇作者站在太極拳練家的立場，選擇將熊經視為「有益身心的運動」，然後敘述「熊經」的要領及效用。除了檢索古代相關文獻資料，也請教當代太極拳大師。因此釐清了熊經的相關疑惑，並且給予合理的評估。現代流行的太極拳是融合儒、釋、道三家思想的一套運動方式，現代人所練的熊經很難擺脫此思想融合的特質；而戰國時代的《莊子》，未有三大思想流派融合的現象，故《莊子》書中的熊經與目前太極拳專家所練的熊經未可貿然畫上等號。因此，本篇介紹目前的「熊經」練法，只是提供古今對照的參考意見，且寄望熊經於日後的社會中能發揮更大的效用。

關鍵字

熊經 ； 養生術 ； 太極拳 ； 華佗五禽戲

並列摘要

The word ＂Xiong Jing＂ was first found in Zhuangzi's book and is a well-known representative term of health preservation in ancient times. The relevant information of Xiong Jing is preserved in the ancient books of Han Dynasty and the ancient cultural relics unearthed in modern times, and it had also become a part of the movement of ＂Huatuo Wuqinxi＂ in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It can be seen from this that it is a kind of heritage movement. To this day, some Taijiquan masters also pay great attention to the practice of ＂Xiong Jing＂.In ancient times, there were many scholars who explained the meaning of ＂Xiong Jing＂. Their accuracy was different from each other. Some people regarded it as a lofty and mysterious way to seek immortality and praised it excessively. Some people regard it as a method of physical and mental exercise. However, some people hold a skeptical or negative attitude, and regard it as a useless theory that confuses people. Some scholars stand in the position of zoology or literature, and the Xiong Jing is just a normal action of natural creatures.This paper classified the ancient scholars' or warriors' comments on the Xiong Jing, and finds that scholars and martial practitioners have their own biases and differences in the use of the word Xiong Jing. Whether positive or negative, or irrelevant positive or negative comments, this paper discussed and explained all kinds of comments one by one.From the standpoint of Taijiquan practitioners, the author chose to regard Xiong Jing as a ＂movement beneficial to body and mind＂, and then described the essentials and effectiveness of Xiong Jing. Not only searched the ancient literature, but also consulted the contemporary Taijiquan masters. Therefore, this paper clarified the doubts about Xiong Jing and gave a reasonable evaluation.The modern popular Taijiquan is a set of sports mode that integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. It is difficult for the Xiong Jing practiced by modern people to get rid of the characteristics of this thought fusion. In the Warring States period, there was no fusion of the three major schools of thought in Zhuangzi, so the Xiong Jing in Zhuangzi and the Xiong Jing practiced by current Taijiquan experts could not be regarded as the same as each other. Therefore, this article introduced the practice of today's Xiong Jing, which was only a reference for ancient and modern comparison, and hoped that Xiong Jing can play a greater role in the future society.

並列關鍵字

Xiong Jing ； health preservation ； Taijiquan ； Huatuo Wuqinxi

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