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臺灣跆拳道運動國際競技史（1967-2017年）
The History of Taiwan's Taekwondo in International Competitions (1967-2017)
摘要
臺灣跆拳道運動競技自1967年自軍中傳入在臺灣，期間歷經1977年奪世錦賽首金、2004年奧運得雙金、2017年世錦賽未獲金牌等過程，時至今日已達半世紀，有其必要性及歷史意涵。研究目的：本研究試圖由「化身莒拳流傳軍中」、「揚名國際奧運奪金」、「斷層危機重整旗鼓」三個主軸，探討跆拳道運動在臺灣半世紀的競技發展脈絡，以及其在臺灣技擊類運動中的貢獻。研究方法：本研究採歷史研究法，蒐羅聯合報、中國時報、先鋒報、忠義報等報章雜誌所刊載之跆拳道運動競技相關報導，以及藉助相關文獻史料進行考察，不足之處輔以口述歷史。研究結果：一、1967年源自韓國的跆拳道原先以強化戰技為目的，因而被引進臺灣發展，並化身為莒拳道在軍中流傳，爾後隨著軍人退役輾轉逐漸普及至臺灣社會中。二、1978年起，因為臺灣跆拳道水準上升以及因應彈性外交政策，致使臺灣派遣多位莒拳道教官至邦交國教授莒拳道，此舉亦促進臺灣成為韓國以外的「跆拳道轉輸出國」之一。而後臺灣跆拳道運動的競賽成績逐漸攀上顛峰，先是於1988年、1992年的奧運示範賽中奪得5面金牌，更在2004年雅典奧運中奪下臺灣史上首面金牌。三、2005年後，隨著各國實力崛起，臺灣主力選手退役及學生跆拳道從事人數下滑，導致跆拳道運動人才產生斷層，致使在2008年奧運後的國際賽事表現均光芒黯淡。直到2015年世錦賽上，才再度奪下睽違8年以來的首面金牌。但在2017年的世錦賽卻僅剩1面銀牌。結論：回顧臺灣跆拳道運動50年變遷歷程，從跆拳道輸出國到奧運史上第一金，若置於臺灣技擊類運動的發展軸線觀之，跆拳道已然是臺灣的「國技」。
並列摘要
Ever since the sport of Taekwondo took roots in Taiwan in 1967, it has marked historical moments such as winning the first world championship in 1977, double gold medals in 2004 Olympics, and losing the gold medal in 2017 world championship. Looking back at its half century long history, it seemed to be necessary to investigate its historical importance. This study intended to focus on three main pillars: 'camouflage as Chikwondo in the military', 'winning Olympic gold medal and earning international fame', and 'succession gap crisis and re-energizing' to investigate the developing context of Taekwondo and its contribution and status to combat sports in the past fifty years in Taiwan. Research Method: This study applied historical research method and analyzed the Takewondo related overages in United Daily News, China Times, Pioneer News, Chon- I News and relevant historical materials, and supplemented with oral history. Research findings: 1. Taekwondo, a combat sport originated from Korea, was introduced to Taiwan in 1967 for the purpose of strengthening military combat techniques and skills. Taekwondo was renamed as Chikwondo and taught in the military. Later these trained military personnel discharged and returned to the society, the sport was then spread to the public. Since the 1970s, despite the PRC began its political intervention in putting pressure upon Taiwan in international games, Taiwan still delivered outstanding performances in Taekwondo by winning medals in the limited appearances in international competitions and clinching the first world championship gold medal in 1977, which established the country as a powerhouse in this sport. 2. Since 1978, with the rising strength in Taekwondo in Taiwan and to cope with the flexible foreign policies, Taiwan began to deploy Chikwondo instructors to diplomatic partners to provide training. Such act made Taiwan become one of the few 'Taekwondo exporting countries' outside South Korea.Taiwan later won five gold medals in total at the 1988 and 1992 Olympic Games when Taekwondo was still a demonstration sport, and the first ever Olympic gold medal for the country at the 2004 event, which proved Taiwan's highly competitive level in the sport. 3. After 2005, with the rising up of other countries, the main forces of Taiwanese team retired successively and the numbers of student athlete in Taekwondo continued to decline, the national team failed to maintain its dominance and suffered plunges in major international games after the 2008 Olympics. Not until the 2015 world championship did the team rise again by winning another gold medal. Yet the team could only get one silver medal in the 2017 world championship. Conclusion: Looking at the fifty years development of Taekwondo in Taiwan, the sport obviously has carving out an exalted place as a national sport among all combat sports in Taiwan.