白斑及其他色素脫失疾病的診斷和治療

Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitiligo and Other Depigmentation Disorders

林冠宏(Guan-Hong Lin) ； 陳杰(Chieh Chen)

《南臺灣醫學雜誌》 19卷1期 (2023/06) Pp. 1-6

https://doi.org/10.6726/MJST.202306_19(1).0001

摘要

白斑症是一種常見的色素脫失性疾病。白斑症的特徵主要是皮膚出現界線鮮明、形狀不規則的白色斑塊；雖然白斑症不是致命的疾病、也不會傳染，但卻會影響美觀，對患者造成非常大的心理困擾，一般人當中大約有1－2%的人患有白斑症，大約20%有家族遺傳病史；白斑症又可以區分為分節型白斑症與全身型白斑症等類型。臨床上有許多皮膚脫色素疾病容易和白斑症混淆，包括：汗斑、白色糠疹、突發性水滴狀黑色素減少症、化學性白斑症等，類結核型漢生病早期症狀為皮膚出現紅色或白色斑塊、丘疹或小結節，患處感覺喪失；但在很早期時皮膚感覺可能是正常的。需要經由醫師的評估，才能做出正確診斷，有時候臨床醫師會需要透過皮膚病理切片檢查，排除黑色素細胞減少或缺失的惡性疾病。

關鍵字

白斑症 ； 類結核型漢生病 ； 分節型白斑症

並列摘要

Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder characterized by the appearance of well-defined, irregularly shaped white patches on the skin. Although vitiligo is not a fatal disease and it is not contagious, it can affect the appearance. About 1-2% of the general population suffer from vitiligo, and about 1/5 have a family history. Vitiligo is clinically easily confused with many diseases, including: tinea versicolor, pityriasis alba, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, chemical leukoderma, etc. Early symptoms of tuberculoid leprosy are red or white patches, papules, or small nodules on the skin and loss of sensation in the affected area; however, skin sensation may be normal in the very early stages. Physician evaluation is required to make a correct diagnosis, and clinicians sometimes require biopsy to rule out diseases with reduced or absent melanocytes.

並列關鍵字

vitiligo ； tuberculoid leprosy ； segmental vitiligo