朱熹談“體驗未發”的可能思考進路

The Possible Thinking Methods of Zhu Xi When Observing the Qi before It Manifests

楊雅妃(Ya-Fei Yang)

《興大中文學報》 22期 (2007/12) Pp. 59-71

https://doi.org/10.30091/JCDNCHU.200712.0003

摘要

源於李侗的提點，對於「驗乎喜怒哀樂未發之前氣象」之說，朱熹在從學過程中，已然將其沈澱為問題意識所在。著眼於問題意識的澄清，本文將呈現朱熹思考「體驗未發」問題時的關鍵轉折，並試著指出其言說語境，究竟是放在哪種思考進路中來談，藉以檢視在前輩學者的基礎上，朱熹的思考進路是否另闢蹊徑，抑或擇取前人思考進路，但更作理論深化或義理創作的展現。 朱熹從「體驗未發」問題入手，實際上，乃是對準《中庸》「已發」、「未發」問題而發。本文指出，朱熹在談論此問題時，就其言說語境觀之，有從「知識意義的思考進路」談者，另有從「工夫意義的思考進路」切入者。 就知識意義的思考進路而言，朱熹在談論「已發」、「未發」之說時，實糾纏了兩種不同言說內涵；值得注意的是，朱熹確認出「情」的義理位置，使得「心」與「性」孰為已發、孰為未發的爭執，開啟另一思考的可能。就工夫意義的思考進路而言，朱熹把「已發」、「未發」問題，轉化為「察識工夫」與「涵養工夫」來談，中和新說之後，朱熹肯定了未發之際的涵養工夫，至此才真能說是貫通有無動靜，包舉已發未發狀態，察識工夫與涵養工夫並重，藉由踐履修為，悠入聖域，以臻聖人境界，展現聖人氣象。

關鍵字

朱熹 ； 問題意識 ； 中庸 ； 觀喜怒哀樂未發之氣象 ； 思考進路

並列摘要

For the reason of Li Tung's instruction，Zhu Xi paid attention to observing the Qi before it manifests as either happiness, anger, sorrow, or joy. In this study, we concentrated on the question-consciousness. The first, we presented some turning points of Zhu Xi's opinions about this issue. The next, we examined the possible thinking methods of Zhu Xi when it came to the issue, and explored the conclusions Zhu Xi had different from others.
In this study, we offered two possible thinking methods, knowledgeable-oriented and practicable-oriented. By the way of knowledgeable orientation, Zhu Xi talked about the issue with two complicated meanings. Different from others, Zhu Xi placed the status of ”Emotion”, solving the confrontation between ”Mind-heard” and ”Nature”.
By the way of practicable orientation, Zhu Xi obviously adjusted his conception. In the former times, Zhu Xi observed himself in the real puzzles of moral faith and thoughts. But latter on, Zhu Xi observed and practiced himself in daily life.

並列關鍵字

Zhu Xi ； Question-consciousness ； The Doctrine of Mean ； Observing the Qi Before It Manifests As Either Happiness ； Anger ； Sorrow ； or Joy ； Knowledgeable-oriented ； Practicable-oriented

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