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中國文學中的地藏故事

The Stories of Ti-tsang p'u-sa in Chinese Literature

摘要


地藏是中國佛教中四大菩薩之一,他以「幽冥教主」的身份而為人們所熟悉。地藏信仰在中國的傳播、發展過程中,產生了一定數量的相關故事。地藏故事既存在於相關經典及靈驗記中,也存在於小說、戲劇與民間的寶卷中。中國文學中的地藏故事在內容上或述靈跡,或敘本緣,或明勸懲,主要發揮了「明應驗之實有,以震聳世俗,使生敬信之心」的作用。在篇章結構及地藏形象的塑造方面,唐宋時期的地藏故事情節簡單,結構單一,模式化的傾向較嚴重,地藏形象也比較呆板,而且神性頗強。兩宋之後,隨着金地藏故事的加入以及地藏信仰的民間化、民俗化趨勢,地藏故事的情節大爲豐富,地藏的形象也因人性化因素的增加而相對豐滿得多。中國文學中地藏故事的形成與發展,豐富了中國神話的內容,爲神話與宗教信仰之間的關係提供了一個具體的實例。

並列摘要


In Chinese Buddhism, Ti-tsang p'u-sa is referred as one of the four great Bodhisattvas, and is well known for his place ”the overlord of the world after death”. In the spread and development of Ti-tsang's cult, a lot of stories about Ti-tsang came into being. These stories appeared not only in scriptures, notes of belief in Buddha's power, but also in fictions, dramas, and Baojuan. Because of their abundant content, these stories have played important roles in inducing Chinese people to believe in Ti-tsang. In contrast, the stories of Ti-tsang in Tang and Song dynasties are poor in plots, simple in structures, and formal in Ti-tsang's images, after Song dynasty, along with the popularization and Secularization of Ti-tsang's cult, are abundant in plots, complicated in structures, and rich in Ti-tsang's images. The appearance and development of Ti-tsang's stories enrich Chinese myths, and give an example for the relationship between myth and religion.

參考文獻


張文安(2007)。重談神話的定義問題-神話學基本命題的反思。社會科學評論。1
袁珂(1982)。從狹義的神話到廣義的神話-《中國神話傳說詞典》序(節選)。社會科學戰線。4
矢吹慶輝(1927)。三階教之研究。東京:岩波書店。
真鍋廣濟(1960)。地藏菩薩の研究。京都:三密堂書店。
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