論唐代王昭君故事的時代特色和其對後代中日文學的影響

王昭君故事從漢代一直到現代在國內外流傳得廣泛，例如在近代日本，小說家尾崎紅葉採用昭君故事來創作了社會小說《大和昭君》。王昭君是漢代宮女，《漢書》說漢元帝跟匈奴和親，把待詔掖庭的王昭君賜給了呼韓邪單于，王昭君嫁給了呼韓邪，生了一子，呼韓邪死後，順從胡俗和前妻子結婚，再生了二女，達成了和親任務。但後來的野史和正史卻關心她的美貌。《西京雜記》說王昭君的美貌是後宮第一，她不肯贈賄畫工，畫工畫她不美，元帝見了她而後悔；《後漢書》也說元帝見了她的美貌，意欲留她，不像積極和親。六朝時代繼承這傳說，以「昭君怨」為主題的樂府多。唐代也是需要和蕃的時代，文人欽佩王昭君，棄官離都的詩人尋訪了昭君村，借昭君的形象表現了感慨，白居易〈過昭君村〉詩云「獨美眾所嫉」，李如璧〈明月篇〉也描寫士人的愛國精神，我們能看出唐人敬重王昭君的心情比前代更強了。另外，文人對和親政策不一定贊同，又對昭君隨從胡俗嫁父子單于提出異議等，展開了多種看法，而影響了後代。筆者想在這篇論文中具體討論唐代王昭君故事的特色和其對後代中日文學的影響。

關鍵字

王昭君；和親；昭君村；白居易；唐詩；變文；漢詩；和歌；物語；謠曲；《大和昭君》

並列摘要

Wang Zhao-jun story has been spreaded widely at home and abroad from Han dynasty to modern times. For example, in modern Japan, a novelist Ozaki Koyo adopted Zhao-jun story and created a social novel Yamato Zhaoj-un. Wang Zhao-jun was a maid in the Han imperial palace. Han-Calligraphy says ＂Emperor Yuan attempted to cement relations with Hun, gave Wang Zhao-jun who was waiting for the edict at the palace to Hun king Hu-han-ye Chan-yu, Wang Zhao-jun married Hu-han-ye, gave birth to a son, after the death of Hu-han-ye, married to former wife's son again in compliance with Hun custom, gave birth to two daughters.＂ Then she reached peace-through-marriage mission. The afterwards unofficial history and official history yet focused on her good looks. Xi-jing-za-ji says ＂Wang Zhao-jun was the most beautiful woman in Han harem, but she refused to bribe a painter who eventually painted her bad looking, Emperor Yuan afterwards saw her beauty and soon regretted.＂ Post-Han calligraphy also says ＂Emperor Yuan saw her beauty and wanted to keep her.＂ This behavior did not seem positive peace-through-marriage policy. Six dynasties era inherited this story, and created many Yue-fu songs with Zhao-jun's resentment theme. Tang dynasty also needed peace-through-marriage with non-Han border rulers, and some poets admired Wang Zhao-jun. They abandoned official position and departed capital, looked for Zhao-jun village, using the image of Wang Zhao-jun, represented their emotion. Bai Ju-yi's poem Pass Zhao-jun village said ＂Her unique beauty is envied by all maids＂, Li Ru-bi's poem Bright moon poem also described the patriotic spirits of placeman. Through these poems we can find out Tang poet's respect for Wang Zhao-jun was stronger than previous generations. In addition, poets uncertainly agreed peace-through-marriage policy, as well as represented against Wang Zhao-jun followed Hun custom and married father and son Chan-yu etc., they carried out a variety of views, and affected future generations. This author intends to explore the feature of Wang Zhao-jun story in Tang dynasty and its influence to the later Chinese and Japanese literature in this paper.

並列關鍵字

Wang Zhao-jun ； peace-through-marriage ； Zhao-jun village ； Bai Ju-yi ； Tang poem ； Bian-wen ； Chinese poetry ； Waka ； Monogatari ； Youkyoku ； Yamato Zhao-jun