從家族與族群探討平鎮客家信仰文化的形成與發展

The Study on the Hakka Religious Belief Development in Ping-Zheng through the Interaction of Cultivated Clans and Ethnic Groups

李淳禾(Chun-Ho Lee) ； 簡顯光(Hsien-Kuang Chien)

《通識論叢》 14期 (2012/12) Pp. 67-94

https://doi.org/10.6762/JTCCEVU.201212.0067

摘要

平鎮市保有相當獨特的客家信仰文化，民間信仰的形成與當地的地理環境和歷史背景有關，族群關係亦會決定祭祀信仰的類型，本研究以文獻探討為主，配合田野調查，從平鎮市的家族移墾歷程與族群關係為起點，探討平鎮市客家信仰的發展過程。透過平鎮地區客家人的信仰對象與祭祀活動觀察，可以發現此區客家信仰文化具有相當特殊之包容性與自主性。平鎮市的客家信仰，主要以伯公信仰為基礎，加上褒忠祠義民爺、建安宮開漳聖王以及各處設立主祀三官大帝的公廟相互涵攝架構而成，展現出本區宗教信仰的特殊性以及族群融合與多元文化的信仰觀。伯公信仰、三官大帝信仰屬於客家人傳統之原鄉信仰，開漳聖王信仰原屬於閩南族群之信仰，義民信仰則為本土型信仰。這些獨特的信仰文化有些是來自於祖籍原鄉，但有更多是客籍移民落腳平鎮地區後因應天然地理條件與社會經濟環境而發展出的自主性格。

關鍵字

平鎮 ； 客家 ； 民間信仰

並列摘要

There used to be a close relationship between local geography condition, development history and religious belief in Taiwan. The conflict between ethnic groups is also one of the decisive factor of local religious belief. This study investigates the Hakka religious belief development in Ping-Zheng through the interaction of cultivated clans and ethnic groups. There are four kinds of beliefs in Ping-Zheng area, Bagong (land lord) belief, San Gwan Emperors belief, Yi-Ming belief and Saint King Kai-Jang belief, respectively. The Bagong belief and San Gwan Emperors belief are the traditional religious belief taken to Taiwan from Hakka area in China south area. The Saint King Kai-Jang belief is usually worshiped by the clans from Fu-Jian Province in China. The Yi-Ming worship had been developed and worshiped widely by Hakkas in Taiwan. By the way of field investigation and observation, we find that the religious belief culture of the Hakkas in Ping-Zheng shows the nature of uniqueness of their own.

並列關鍵字

Ping-Zheng ； Hakka ； Religious belief