清初楊梅地區土牛溝路徑與地方拓墾家族

The relationship between the development of the local clans in early Ching Dynasty and the location of the TU-NIU-GOU at Yangmei area

簡顯光(Hsien-Kuang Chien) ； 李淳禾(Chun-Ho Lee)

《通識論叢》 20期 (2017/06) Pp. 29-51

摘要

明清之際閩粵漢人大舉來臺拓墾，逐漸侵奪原住民既有的生存空間，彼此之間不斷產生糾紛與衝突。清政府為防止漢人越界侵墾以及原住民「出草」，採取畫地為限的隔離政策，在漢人（含平埔族）聚落與原住民活動交壤地區，構築一道人為的界線。乾隆26 年（1761）臺灣地方官員執行「清釐漢番界線」的政策，在彰化縣和淡水廳地面，挑溝壘土以嚴明疆界，並將界線稱為土牛溝。土牛溝曾是台灣拓墾史中極為重要的人文地理界線，全台灣現存土牛溝形貌最完整者就在楊梅，而被轉為他用但尚能確認位置的土牛溝，也以在楊梅境內者為最長，本研究以文獻探討為主，結合田野調查，說明土牛溝形成的背景、發展歷史，釐清在桃市境內土牛溝的確實路徑，並嘗試探究清初楊梅區土牛溝沿線的主要地方家族，以彰顯土牛溝與當時的地方家族之間的關係。

關鍵字

楊梅 ； 土牛 ； 土牛溝

並列摘要

In the early of the Ching Dynasty, a large number of new immigrants from south China moved to Taiwan area. The conflict between aborigines and immigrants caused by the fighting for cultivated land resulted serious local governance problem. In 1760s, the Ching Dynasty governor decided to solve this problem by conducting the ＂isolated policy＂. The government asked local people to dig a manmade geographic boundary, a deep ditch named ＂TU-NIU-GOU＂, between the aborigine and immigrant settlements. This geographic boundary had been built from Changhua to Tangshui. This deep ditch ＂TU-NIU-GOU＂ had been the most important artificial geographic boundary along the border between the hamlets of the two populations for more than two hundreds years. This study presents the field surveyed routes of the ＂TU-NIU-GOU＂ in Yangmei district, Taoyuan city firstly. And then, the relationship between the development of the local clans in early Ching Dynasty and the location of the ＂TU-NIU-GOU＂ at Yangmei area has been also discussed.

並列關鍵字

Yangmei ； TU-NIU ； TU-NIU-GOU