勞動移民政策之政經分析：台星兩國之比較研究

The Political Economy of Labor Immigration Policy: A Comparative Study between Taiwan and Singapore

鄭安玲(An-Lin Jent) ； 宋鎮照(Jenn-Jaw Soong)

《稻江學報》 5卷2期 (2012/08) Pp. 81-105

https://doi.org/10.7018/JTU.201208.0081

摘要

新加坡與台灣近年經濟發展迅速、穩定成長，同為競爭亞洲四小龍之首的國家。兩國在政治意識型態、經濟體制各方面趨同存異，同屬華裔族群為主體的多元移民社會國家，發展過程均面臨國土資源不足、人口結構老化等隱憂，面對國內經濟發展與勞動市場變遷，台星兩國仍每年開放為數可觀且多數來自東南亞國家勞動移民。其影響台、新兩國勞動移民政策變遷的關鍵因素為何？異同點何在？本文就方法論而言，比較兩國經過長久不同發展的結果利基，嘗試將兩國制度及其運作加以分類、歸納，超越個別國家的描述，進入概念化層次，進行驗證假設；就國家功能需求觀點解析，從人口結構、經濟需求、政治制度與公民社會等主要面向，觀察兩國勞動人口集體流動的條件，就同質性的可比較單位來進行有意義的比較分析，藉以探究變項對國家機關制定移民政策產生的互動與影響為何？其結果將影響國家機關（the state）制定採取相應性的勞動移民政策選擇！

關鍵字

全球化 ； 國際移民 ； 移民政策 ； 國家功能需求 ； 人口成長

並列摘要

In recent years, economic growths are rapid and stable in Taiwan and Singapore. The two countries are the most competitive among the Asian four little dragons. They both have similar backgrounds: narrow and small land, aging population, political ideology, economic system, the degree of urbanization, the national per capital income, etc. They are both diversified immigration countries composed of Chinese mainly. Due to the changes of social structure and the need of economic transformation, both countries welcome many labor immigrants from Southeast Asia every year. What are the main factors that affect both countries in labor immigration policies? What are the differences and similarities in such policies between Taiwan and Singapore? In terms of methodology, this article will compare the developing niches of both countries and classify the operations of the institutions. Through identification, induction and classification, we will go beyond the description of individual country and take them into a new conceptual level. Then we will carry on the hypotheses and verification. This article will also discuss the functional demands of the state for the labor immigration policies and observe the crucial factors of migratory inflows from demographic structure, economic need, the efficiency of nation, and civil society. Furthermore, it will focus on the variables of growth of the population, the need of the labors, autonomy of the state, and civil rights to develop a dynamic model, which can help explain and predict the outcome in shaping a state's immigration policy, in terms of the policy decision of encouragement, restriction or prevention of labor immigrants.

並列關鍵字

Globalization ； international immigrants ； immigration policy ； functional demands of the state ； population growth