澎湖居民對觀光發展影響認知之時序差異分析

本研究利用縱向的研究設計，調查1998年以及2004年澎湖居民對觀光發展爲澎湖地區帶來經濟、社會文化以及環境影響的認知與分析不同時期影響認知的差異。分析結果顯示，澎湖居民對促進經濟、增加收入、創造就業機會、保存歷史文化、提高生活品質、增加文化活動、居民和遊客文化交流、改善澎湖整體景觀、改善公共設施等正面觀光發展影響的認知，於1998年與2004年之認知差異均呈現非常顯著，且2004年認同這些正面影響的程度均較1998年爲高。另外，造成交通擁擠之負面觀光發展影響認知，其時序差異亦呈非常顯著，但1998年認知程度較2004年高。顯示澎湖居民對觀光發展的正向影響評價爲持續升高趨勢，而負面影響認知上則爲減少趨勢。依Butler(1980)所提出的觀光生命週期模式來解釋，澎湖地區觀光發展尚處於「探索」與「參與」間的階段，居民對遊客仍持正向的評估與歡迎的態度。澎湖地區日後的觀光發展會進展成爲再生或衰退，可持續加以檢視與評估。

關鍵字

觀光影響；觀光生命週期；縱向研究

並列摘要

This paper using longitudinal research design invests Penghu residents perception of tourism economic, social-cultural, and environmental impacts between 1998 and 2004. The results show that the positive tourism impacts perceived include improving economy, increasing income, creating employment opportunities, preserving culture, increasing life quality, increasing cultural activities, resulting cultural exchange, improving the appearance of the area, and improving the quality of public services, are different significantly between 1998 and 2004. Those impacts perceived in 2004 are higher than perceived in 1998. The negative impacts perceived, include adding traffic problems and benefiting a small group of residents, are different significantly. But those impacts perceived in 2004 are lower than 1998. In terms of Butter's (1980) tourist area cycle of evolution theory, tourism development in Penghu is in the exploration and involvement stages; the residents' attitude toward tourists are positive and welcome. It is necessary to examine the next stage will be rejuvenation or decline.