古今死亡對歌：挽歌之死亡主題的流變

最早的挽歌是收錄在《樂府詩集．相和歌辭》的〈薤露〉與〈蒿裡〉兩首。經過時代的變遷，文人的改造，挽歌出現了新的內容。不僅內容上有所不同，曲名也逐漸出現新的名稱。時代對於文學的發展而言，是深具意義的。時代反映人們的生活形態，展現人們的生活面貌，以此時代可體現出一時代人們的價值觀、情感觀、審美觀、生命觀等。時代的變遷影響了挽歌的創作模式，文學創作「模式」含內容與形式。由此對「傳統」的改造，是必然的，是時代前進的產物。文學創作「模式」的演變，可以從多角度或研討方法進行探討，如早期的古典文學研究視角，「抒情傳統」至現今的「地理空間意識」亦可切出其客觀的一角。而本文認為主題學亦是可以切入的一個角度，以此獲得挽歌、挽詩的詩學脈絡。時間與研討的範圍，是從中國古代至馬來西亞挽歌的書寫，利用兩者之間的觀照，以此梳理出其詩學脈絡，在獲得挽歌的詩學脈絡的同時，亦可獲悉馬來西亞詩人在撰寫古體挽詩所承繼的傳統。

關鍵字

挽歌；挽詩；馬來西亞古體挽歌詩；主題學

並列摘要

The ＂Xielu＂ and ＂Haoli＂ were the first elegies included in-＂Xianghe geci＂ of Yue fu Shiji. These elegies present the new content through the change of time and transformation of peot. The content and the titles of songs also changed. The era was meaningful for the development of literature. The eras reflected the human lifestyle and life condition. Therefore the eras can reflect the core values, emotion perspective and concept of life of humans in different ages. The change of time affected the writing mode of elegies The writing mode of literature included contents and style. The evolution of tradition was inevitable as this was the result of era growth. There are multi-angle or research methods to explore the writing mode of literature. The ＂lyrical tradition＂ and ＂Geo-spatial awareness＂ also can be used as research method to explore the writing mode of literature. This article uses the thematological method to explore the poetics of elegy songs, elegy poetry. The research area includes elegy songs of ancient China until the ancient elegy poetry of Malaysia. This will reveal the literary context of elegy songs and the tradition of ancient elegy poetry of Malaysia.