魏晉南北朝「地理書」、「地記」文獻與後世方志形成的關係

《隋書．經籍志》史部地理類著錄，魏晉南北朝出現過一類地理作品，所謂「地理書」、「地記」之作。它們由當時的許多個人撰著，內容卷數不多，名稱以突出地理行政區劃的地名為主，各自記錄了地區性的自然環境與生活景況資料。然而它們幾乎沒有一部作品完整留存至今，我們只能從清代以來的輯佚成果略窺一二。作品內容以外，此類文獻的產生也欠缺當時及後世的討論。而在其後五百多年的南北宋之交，這批文獻又悄然自圖書目錄中隱去，甚至沒有引起宋元時代的注意與質疑。類似性質的作品，前此幾乎未見。特種文獻來得自然，去得無聲，這在當時文化界的意義是什麼？有什麼歷史背景因素是我們還沒有敏感繫連出來的？又有何種影響與效應是有待析理廓清的？尤其它們的發展始終關連著另一個重要議題，即宋代方志體裁的產生，不論是作為方志前身還是促進的一環，都沒有完全脫去它的話題性。是以推論它的發生與書寫，一方面是試圖理解它的文獻定位，解釋六朝歷史與社會的特殊心態；二方面從它的發展及亡佚過程，探索它們在方志體裁形成過程中扮演的角色。

關鍵字

地理書；地記；方志；魏晉南北朝；六朝

並列摘要

Geography category of Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi recorded the existence of geographic work ＂Di Li Shu＂ and ＂Di Ji＂ in Six Dynasties. They were written by the individuals at the time. The volumes were few and the names of the books were based on the place names in geographic administrative districts. They recorded the regional natural environments and life situations. Most of them were not properly preserved and we can only study them from the generalization results from Qing Dynasty. These literatures silently disappeared from the catalogues in 1130 and they even did not draw the attention of the scholars in Song and Yuan Dynasties. What was the significance of these silent literatures in the cultural circle at the time? What are the historical factors which we did not recognize? What are the effects which we should analyze and clarify? The development is associated with another important issue: the birth of Chinese Geography Records in Song Dynasty. They are important as the former or drive of Chinese Geography Records. By reasoning the origin and writing, this study aims to explore the position of the literatures and elaborates the history and society of Six Dynasties. In addition, by the development and declination, it probes into their role in the formation of the genre of Chinese Geography Records.