愛國逆旅．重建華僑：以冷戰前期報紙「華僑節」論述為中心（1952－1971）

Patriotic Voyage and Reconstruction of Overseas Chinese: A Study on the Discourses of Overseas Chinese Festival in Newspapers During the Early Stage of Cold War (1952-1971)

翁智琦(Weng Chih-chi)

《臺北大學中文學報》 33期 (2023/03) Pp. 95-141

摘要

18世紀以來，華僑對母國政府而言，逐漸從問題變成資源，更在辛亥革命之後成為救國典範的象徵。國府遷台之後，1953年為因應新的僑務措施，通過行政院會議明訂每年10月21日為華僑節，共同信條為「海內海外一條心，救鄉救國齊努力」。為華僑創立的華僑節，作為一個戰後新節慶，除了生產出「四海同心」的反共意識之外，也打造了戰後華僑新樣貌。每年華僑節時華僑的愛國逆旅，不僅展現冷戰情境與國內外的局勢變化，也反映了反共政權的權力控制模式與系統。本文以冷戰前期（1952－1971）為討論時段，將華僑節視為一個具有延續與再製特質的「新傳統」節慶，檢視冷戰前期兩大重要報紙《中央日報》與《聯合報》中的華僑節相關論述與變化。這些論述一方面呈現作為「正統中國」代言人的國府如何在戰後台灣重構華僑價值，另一方面更在台灣島內外生產及形塑反共共識，進而實踐反共宣傳。

關鍵字

冷戰前期 ； 華僑節 ； 中央日報 ； 聯合報 ； 反共宣傳

並列摘要

The Kuomintang (KMT) government announced October 21 as the Overseas Chinese Festival with the common doctrine "One heart at home and abroad, and work together to save the hometown and the country" in 1953. As a new post-war festival, the Overseas Chinese Festival not only produced the anti-communist ideology of "all over the world," but also built the new face of post-war overseas Chinese. The patriotic voyage of overseas Chinese during the annual festival reflected the Cold War circumstances, the changes in the situation at home and abroad, and the power control mode of the anti-communist regime in Taiwan. This paper uses the early stage of Cold War (1952-1971) as the discussion period, and regards the Festival as a "new tradition" with the characteristics of continuation and reconstruction, and examines the relevant discourses in Central Daily News and United Daily News. This paper takes festival as the "non-daily time" and tries to explain the activities and ceremonies, which were held during that time. This Festival produced the worldview of the Chinese culture and nation and allowed local residents in Taiwan to know overseas Chinese, and also give an opportunity to the overseas Chinese to gain self-identity and pride through their patriotic voyage. On the one hand, these discourses present how the KMT government, as the agent of the "orthodox China," reconstructed the value of overseas Chinese in the post-war Taiwan; on the other hand, it produced and shaped the anti-communist consciousness on and off the island of Taiwan, and then practiced the anti-communist propaganda.

並列關鍵字

Early Cold War Period ； Overseas Chinese Festival ； Central Daily News ； United Daily News ； Anti-communist Propaganda

參考文獻

孔飛力（Philip A. Kuhn）著，李明歡譯：《他者中的華人：中國近現代移民史》，南京市：江蘇人民出版社，2008 年。

王崇堯：《情境・節慶・神學》，臺南市：人光出版社，2002 年。

王賡武著，姚楠編：《東南亞與華人：王賡武教授論文選集》，北京：中國友誼出版社，1986 年。

呂芳上主編：《蔣中正先生年譜長編（12）》，臺北市：國史館；中正紀念堂；中正文教基金會，2015 年。

洪泉湖、鍾文博：〈華僑為革命之母：華僑民族主義的發展與轉變〉，《南洋華僑與孫中山革命》（臺北：國父紀念館，2010 年 11 月）。