德國公共外交的實踐：歌德學院與德國之音

自1945年後，聯邦德國徹底反省納粹時期由國家宣傳戰爭所帶來的負面經驗與後果，改為致力推動以文化為核心的公共外交。此一公共外藉由文化交流、語言的提倡及人員的互訪，以增進國家之間的相互理解，為政府的外交政策，塑造良好的國際環境。公共外交的本質與政治權力，息息相關，最終目的仍是希望影響國外的政府與民眾理解、同意，進而支持國家的政策。本文探討聯邦德國的公共外交。首先介紹公共外交的概念，然後說明德國公共外交的發展，其次以歌德學院與德國之音為例，闡釋德國公共外交的實踐。最後，提出對台灣公共外交的省思。

關鍵字

德國；公共外交；歌德學院；德國之音；軟實力

並列摘要

The Federal Republic of Germany has been committed to promoting public diplomacy based on culture, after thoroughly reflected the negative experiences and consequences which had resulted from the Nazi war propaganda. Public diplomacy based on culture aims to create a favorable international environment for the government's foreign policy. This diplomacy can be realized by ways of cultural exchanges, advocacy of languages or mutual visits of personnel for the purpose of enhancing understanding among nations. The nature of public diplomacy is closely related to political power. The ultimate goal of public diplomacy is still in the hope that it can influence governments and the peoples abroad so that they can understand, agree and finally support national policy.This article discusses the public diplomacy of Federal Republic of Germany. First section explains the concept of public diplomacy. The second section deals with the development of public diplomacy in Germany, followed by the description of Goethe Institute and the Deutsche Welle as examples for the implementation of public diplomacy in Germany. Finally, a reflection of Taiwan’s public diplomacy will be made.