兩次世界大戰之間－中德關係：1919到1941／1945

Between the World Wars Chinese-German Relations: 1919 to 1941-1945

虞和芳(Ho-Fang Yu)

《歐洲國際評論》 9期 (2013/07) Pp. 169-191+193-195

摘要

本研究為對德國和中國關係的歷史做一探討，它是歐洲馬爾它Dolphin Foundation科學和文化會基金會與南華大學歐洲研究所合作項目的一部分。計畫的任務是以科學的研究和史學的表達，來探討德國和中國從1861年開始至今的外交關係。研究範圍除了外交關係和政治，還包括經濟關係，文化交流和軍事安全。此研究對1919年到1941/1945年期間做了一個概述，即第一次世界大戰後到第二次世界大戰期間。第一次世界戰爭後，中德間的互相親近，產生1921年5月20日中德簽署的協議，這是歷史上中國與西方國家站在平等的基礎上，所簽訂的第一個雙方合同。1919-1927為第一段時期的關係，即德國與北京政府和軍閥，在國民黨北伐戰爭前的關係，德國的外交關係是與當時存在的北京政府，所有其他國家也是一樣，德國與廣州政府為非正式接觸。北伐完成後在1928年德國為第一個歐洲國家承認當時在南京的國民政府，雙方訂下外交關係。第二部份為1928年到1941年間德國與南京政府的關係。直到1937-1938這段時間，為德國和中國合作積極親近的關係，而從1938年，德意志帝國親近日本。德日同盟導致德國與中國的決裂，在1941年12月9日中國對德國宣戰。然而，德意志帝國的與汪精衛的日偽政府外交關係，維持到1945年。

關鍵字

歷史 ； 外交關係 ； 外交和安全政策 ； 貿易關係 ； 軍備合作

並列摘要

This study on the history of German-Chinese relations is part of a larger research and book project in cooperation with the Graduate Institute of European Studies, Nanhua University Taiwan, and the Dolphin Foundation for Science and Culture Malta. The project is ongoing until 2014; the task of the project is the scientific research and historiographical representation of the history of German-Chinese relations from the beginning of diplomatic Relations 1861 to the present day. The scopes of the study are in addition to the diplomatic political events the economic relations as well as cultural exchange and military security.This study provides an overview of the period from 1919 to 1941-1945, in the period after the First World War to the Second World War, the approximation restart after the First World War leads to the Sino-German agreement on May 20, 1921, the historic first contract that China has signed with a Western nation on the basis of equality of both sides. Section A represents the relation 1919-1927, in the period of the Beijing government and the warlord period before the Northern Expedition of the Kuomintang, The diplomatic relations between Germany and China existed at that time to the government in Beijing, as all other states did. As to the government in Canton there were unofficial contacts. After the Northern Expedition in 1928, Germany was the first European states with diplomatic recognition of the National Government in Nanking. The second period deals with the relations of Germany to the Nanking government from 1928 until 1941. By 1937-1938 this was a time of close and intense German-Chinese cooperation. From 1938 the German Empire, however, approached to Japan. The German-Japanese alliance then lead to the break with China and China declared war to Germany on December 9, 1941. However, the German Empire had diplomatic relations until 1945 with the Japanese puppet government under Wang Jing-wei.

並列關鍵字

History ； Diplomatic Relations ； Foreign and Security Policy ； Commercial Relation ； Military Cooperation

參考文獻

孔祥雲(2006)。孔氏家族私密生活相冊。華文出版社。

孔令朋(1998)。孔裔談孔。中國文史出版社。

孔令朋(1998)。今生今世。中國文史出版社。

Adolf Boye an Auawaertiges Amt Berlin 20.09.1923, AA Politisches Archiv Abt. IV.

Ausfuehrungsvertrag ueber den Austausch von Rohstoffen und Landes- produkten Chinas gegen Industrie- und sonstige Erzeugnisse Deutschlands, 23.08.1934, AA Politisches Archiv, R 31249 KI.