中日關係的回顧與鳩山政權對中台的外交走向

本論文回顧以往日本對兩岸的外交政策，並論述當今日本的外交走向。本論文認為日本對兩岸的外交政策，受到東亞國際政治變化的影響，但又有其特殊性。日本對兩岸外交政策的特殊性就是日本會為了本身的國家利益，往往會逕自決定親中國(中國大陸)的外交政策。本文提出日本與中國關係的三個特殊性。特殊性一、日本始終主動與中國接觸，並成為盟友。例如，冷戰時期的1972年，美國為了圍堵蘇聯，主張與中國交往。美國在與中國接觸簽約之前，外交敏感度較高的日本，立刻改變態度，率先與中國建立友好關係。三十八年來，日本始終與中國保持友好的經濟、政治關係。美國因素無非是影響日本外交走向的重要因素。特殊性二、台灣問題中日早有框架。冷戰後，美國頭號對手蘇聯的威脅消失，中國威脅論又甚囂塵上。但隨著北韓對美國與日本的批判，原本美國與日本從冷戰之前圍堵蘇聯的政策，轉變成圍堵北韓，而中國則成為美日競合的對象，中國的「和平崛起」雖受到美日的關注，但台灣問題在中日關係上，卻始終維持一定的框架。特殊性三、日本、中國、台灣的共生共存有賴於文化交流。中國的孔子學院、日本動漫文化、兩岸的媽祖文化都是在文化上有交流的空間。三方都有以漢字為基礎的共同文化。在漢學方面，三方也有共同的對話語言。此外，日本與中國大陸、台灣的交往，是在冷戰時期就打下的基礎，也就是三方在經濟、文化方面的交流上，已經行之有年，並且逐步發展，並非是杭亭頓( Samuel Huntington)所指日本在文明上是孤立的。總之，日本與兩岸關係能和平相處首先必須打破日本在東亞是被孤立的迷思。日本傳統的軍事思維，現實主義的策略，反而不利於三方的發展。若能以三者共有的文化為基礎，強化三方彼此在政治、經濟、軍事的合作對話，才是東亞安全的最好保障。

關鍵字

日本外交；兩岸關係；國家利益；國際關係理論；東亞安全保障

並列摘要

This paper reviews the past cross-strait diplomacy of Japan and discusses the present diplomatic propensity of Japan. Regardless of the influence of the East Asian and international political changes, Japanese cross-strait diplomacy is unique and exhibits pro-Chinese tendencies to serve the national interest. This paper will thus discuss 3 special points in Sino-Japanese relations. First, Japan always actively contacts with China and her allies. For example, in 1972 the USA suggested diplomacy with China to counter the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Before the USA contacted or signed any treaty with China, the diplomatically more sensitive Japan immediately changed course to develop cordial relations with China. Over the past 38 years, Japan has been maintaining good economic and political relations with China. In this case, the USA was a factor affecting Japan's pro-China diplomacy. Second, the framework for the Taiwan Issue has long been established between China and Japan.When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 , China replaced the Soviet Union and is believed to be the new threat to the USA in the post-Cold War period. However, as the disaffection for the USA from North Korean increases, the US and Japanese siege policy against the Soviets during the Cold War period has now turned toward North Korea , and China thus became a partner competing between Japan and the USA. Although the ＂peaceful rise＂ of China has caught the US and Japanese attention, the framework for the Taiwan Issue has never changed in the Sino-Japanese relations. Third, cultural exchange is the key to the co-existence of Japan, China and Taiwan. The Confucian Academy of China, the anime culture of Japan, and the Mazu culture across the strait have provided space for such a triangular cu ltural exchange. Further, Chinese characters are a shared culture among these nations. In sinological terms, all three parties have a common language for dialog. Also, instead of the cultural isolation theory proposed by Samuel Huntington, Japan has developed relations with China and Taiwan ever since the Cold War period . That is to say, they have had physical economic and cultural exchange for decades. In summation, it is necessary for Japan to break the misconception of its East Asian isolationism before it can get along with China and Taiwan in peace. In fact, the military thinking and realistic strategies of Japan are unfavorable for developing relations among three parties . The three parties must start from the shared cultural similarities to strength their politic al, economic and military cooperation and dialog , and this will be the best protection for the security of East Asia.

並列關鍵字

Japanese diplomacy ； cross-strait relations ； national interest ； international relations theory ； security protection of East Asia

國際替代計量

中日關係的回顧與鳩山政權對中台的外交走向

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