台灣觀光旅遊產業地理集中程度與績效之相關性研究

Geographic Concentration and Performance in Taiwan's Travel and Tourism Industry

詹立孙(Li-Yu Chan) ； 王嘉齡(Chia-Ling Wang) ； 邱筠惠(Yun-Huei Chiu)

《觀光旅遊研究學刊》 5卷1期 (2010/06) Pp. 1-22

https://doi.org/10.29689/JTTR.201006.0001

摘要

近年來，產業地理集中的現象及其對產業績效的影響，引起許多學術文獻探討。而目前文獻上探討產業地理集中時，大都是以製造業為研究對象。事實上，觀光旅遊產業的產品、服務具有在地消費的特性，利用產業地理集中的角度，來分析觀光旅遊產業更為適合。本文主要目的就是要探討台灣觀光旅遊產業的地理集中現象與經濟績效有何關係？利用工商服務普查原始資料，以及台灣地區觀光旅遊18個四位數字產業為研究對象。我們發現產業地理集中與各績效指標的相關性不盡相同，且相關性會受到地理集中的屬性為整理或局部、產業或區域所影響。比較顯著的發現就是，不論地理集中的屬性為何，地理集中程度的提高都會提高競爭程度、侵蝕了利潤，但同時也提高了勞動生產力。而欲透過觀光產業聚落創造更多的國民所得與就業機會，以發展「整體」產業地理集中度較低的相關產業較有效。

關鍵字

地理集中 ； 產業績效 ； 觀光旅遊

並列摘要

Travel and tourism industry is becoming increasingly important and expected to contribute to the country economy, especially national income and job creation. Meanwhile, the manufacturing sector remains the most important part in regional and national economies. A lot of researches find that the level of industry geographic concentration relate to the success of industry performance in the manufacturing sector. The relationship between travel & tourism industry geographic concentration and performance becomes an interesting question. This paper tries to explore this relationship in an excellent island economy, Taiwan.
Based on the census data of Taiwan's travel & tourism industry, we summary the data in industry-area level for local observation and configure global geographic concentration of 18 four-digit industries. We try to investigate the relationship between the geographic concentration and various performance indices, including profit ratio, labor productivity, employment coefficient and value-added ratio.
We find that the global geographic concentration of industry seems too rough to get further understanding. By analysis of industry-area data, we can find two types of geographic concentration, local industrial agglomeration and regional agglomeration. Both local agglomerations negatively correlate to local industry profit ratio, but increase the productivity, because of the increasing of cluster competition. If we try to create more value-added and jobs by agglomeration, it's a better way to develop the industry with lower global geographic concentration.

並列關鍵字

geographic concentration ； performance ； travel and tourism