樂齡大學女性學習者之正向心態傾向會影響超越老化認知嗎？

Is the Tendency of Positive Mindsets of Senior Female Related with Gerotranscendence in Loling Universities?

陳嘉彌(Chen, Jia-mi)

《國立虎尾科技大學學報》 35卷2期 (2020/11) Pp. 81-95

https://doi.org/10.6425/JNHUST.202011_35(2).0005

摘要

台灣已進入高齡社會階段，女性無論是平均壽命或長壽人數均高過男性。根據內政部統計年報，至民國106年底止，總體平均餘命為80.39歲，男性為77.28歲，女性為83.70歲；84歲以上人口，女性（199,652人）比男性（169,105人）多3萬餘人，即使百歲人瑞，女性人數亦多於男性近300人。這不是台灣獨然的現象，各個已進入高齡社會的國家大多是如此狀況。女性比男性長壽的原因很多，其中之一是女性比男性更有學習的渴望及實踐能力，懂得透過不同的「學習」方法來保護自己，因此導致壽命比男性更長。然而，壽命較長的女性如果心態不健康、恐懼老化、不知如何自處與生活，那麼長壽對個人又有何意義？研究發現：個人的正向心態有助於身心健康，而身心健康正是有意義長壽的關鍵因素；超越老化更突破了恐懼老化的層次，賦予長壽有了更多的生活希望和意義。本文利用問卷調查法，分析209位參加樂齡大學女性老人的心態及超越老化，探究持續學習的女性在長壽的條件與機會下，哪些因素能幫助女性建立正向的心態、影響超越老化的認知，進而能找到正向心態與超越老化間關連性的結論。本文之研究發現對長壽的女性而言，除在建立正向心態上具有重要的啟發意義外，並能提出具體建議作為女性順利地度過長壽生涯的重要參考。

關鍵字

婦女新知 ； 終身學習 ； 樂齡教育 ； 超越老化 ； 正向心態

並列摘要

Taiwan has entered the aging society, and women are higher than men in terms of average life expectancy. According to the government's statistical annual report (https://www.moi.gov.tw/files/site_stuff/321/2/year/year.html), the overall average life was 80.39 years old, males were at 77.28, and females were at 83.70 by the end of 2017. The numbers of females beyond the age of 84 were more 30000 people than that of males. Even the centenarian, the number of women is more 300 people than men. This phenomenon is not unique to Taiwan, and most countries that have entered the aging society have such a phenomenon. There are many reasons why women live longer than men. One of them is that women have more desire and practical ability to learn than men. Females know how to protect themselves through different ＂learning＂ methods, which may lead to longer life expectancy than men. However, if a woman with a long life is unhealthy, fears aging, and does not know how to live, what is the significance of longevity to the individual? The study found that positive mindsets of the individual contributes to physical and mental health, which is the key factor for meaningful longevity. The gerotranscendence would break through the level of fear and aging, and give more life hope and meaning to longevity. This paper was analyzed the mindsets and the gerotranscendence of 209 female senior learners by using the questionnaire survey method to explore what factors could affect women to establish positive mindsets and influence the perception of transcending gerotranscendence. The findings have critical inspirations in establishing positive mindsets for longevity women, and can make specific suggestions as an important reference for women to successfully live longevity.

並列關鍵字

women's new knowledge ； lifelong learning ； elder education ； gerotranscendence ； positive mindset

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