國家與市場之外：地方政府中福利混合經濟之實踐

在成熟的市民社會之下，有越來越多民間、非營利組織及志願團體加入社會福利的提供，如此由不同社會部門共同提供福利的現象，稱爲「福利混合經濟」。台灣在1980年代後期也開始發展福利直接服務委外的工作，使民間福利組織得以參與政府福利事務。在本文中我們有興趣探討的是，在有限資源的地方政府中，國家行政人員、專業人員與非營利組織（代表公民社會中的力量）在福利服務提供上的角色及關係，並討論新的福利混合經濟下是否能實踐公民社會的理想。本研究採用焦點團體法及訪談法，針對Ａ縣10所目前承接政府福利委託方案之民間機構及8位行政及社工人員進行三場焦點團體座談，並訪談7所曾承接政府福利委託方案之民間機構。結果將討論承接政府委託案的問題，民間機構與政府間互動的型態；在加入民間社會福利機構的角色之後，究竟會對原本政府行政人員、社工專業人員與公民之間的關係產生何種變化，最後並將討論承接政府福利委託方案對機構自主性的影響及正面的影響。

關鍵字

福利混合經濟；市民社會；政府委託方案；非營利組織；地方政府

並列摘要

In a mature civil society, many non-profit welfare organizations and voluntary organizations will be involved in welfare provision. When welfare is provided by various agencies, we called the phenomenon ”mixed economies of welfare”. Since 1980s, the government in Taiwan also began to contract out welfare service to non-profit organizations, thus citizens have more chance to contact governmental work by way of delivering welfare. In this study, we will explore the relationship between governmental administrators, professionnals, nonprofit welfare organizations (citizens) in the case of welfare contract out, especially under limited resources of local government. We also want to discuss to what extent mixed economies of welfare can fulfill the idea of civil society. This study collected data by 4 focus groups (with 10 organizations which was running welfare service for the government, 8 administrators and social workers) and by unstructured interview with 7 organizations which have experience to deliver welfare service for the government. We discuss the problem of welfare service contract out, the interactive modes between non-profit organizations and the government, changing relationship between governmental administrators, professionals, nonprofit welfare organizations (citizen), the possible threaten on the autonomy of welfare organizations and passive effects after delivery welfare service for the government.