工作整合型社會企業的社會影響：臺灣家扶基金會的個案分析

台灣最常見與盛行的社會企業組織即是以「工作整合」（work integration）為特色，或另稱之為「積極性就業促進的社會事業」（Affirmative businesses），統稱之為「工作整合型社會企業」（Work Integration Social Enterprise, WISE）。此類社會企業極為關切那些被社會排除的弱勢團體，因此藉由提供工作給這些人們，使之整合入勞動力市場。這種就業促進模式強調為智障者、肢障者、女性、原住民，以及經濟或教育方面的弱勢者提供職業訓練、工作機會、提供一般市場水平的工資，以及輔導創業，已逐漸被愈來愈多的非營利組織(NPO)所仿效，而政府在舒緩失業率帶給社會衝擊上的各種因應策略中，此模式也被積極運用，其目的即在期盼對那些長期失業者與弱勢者，嘗試將他們重新整合入勞動力市場。本文以工作整合型社會企業(WISE)的社會影響為題，採用作者2014-2016年獲科技部補助的研究計畫-「臺灣與香港工作整合型社會企業的社會企業影響研究」（MOST 103-2410-h-194-091-MY2）收集來的部分資料，以臺灣家扶基金會為例進行個案分析，探究臺灣工作整合型社會企業的社會影響。家扶的幸福小舖社會企業方案是地方家扶中心以社會企業概念的運作方式，連結企業、政府和家扶基金會及各地家扶中心的資源來為服務對象積極脫離貧窮的新型態方案。本研究探討：該方案的服務對象之人口特質為何？受扶助對象加入家扶中心方案之前與之後的轉變情況為何？再者，服務對象參與該方案的動機因素，參與之後有哪些改變？以及，最重要的是地方家扶努力推動的「幸福小舖」脫貧方案，對於服務對象帶來哪些社會性與經濟性的影響？

關鍵字

工作整合型社會企業；非營利組織；社會影響；家扶幸福小舖

並列摘要

Work integrated social enterprises or affirmative businesses and enterprises (WISE) providing social services and products are the most visible forms of social enterprises in Taiwan. This type of social enterprise is deeply concerned with the socially disadvantaged minority and it is able to integrate them with the labor market by providing them with proper training and employment assistance. This study uses the research project- ＂Study on Social Impact of Work? Integrated Social Enterprises in Taiwan and Hong Kong＂ subsidized by the Ministry of Science and Technology from 2014 to 2016. We analyse a case from the Taiwan Fund for Children and Families (TFCF) by exploring the social impact of WISE. The TFCF's Love Shop is a new type of project which connects the resources of businesses and government. This study explored the following questions: what are the qualities of the clients whom the project serves? How had the clients changed before and after they joined the project? Moreover, what motivated the clients to take part in the project, and what had they changed after their participation? Finally yet most important of all, what is the influence it brings about to its clients economically and socially?