由戶外活動與視力關係之實證研究談台灣學童視力保健之防治

Promoting Visual Health in Taiwan's Schoolchildren: An Evidence-Based Perspective on the Relationship between Outdoor Activity and the Occurrence of Myopia

余幸宜(Hsing-Yi Yu) ； 許秀月(Hsiu-Yueh Hsu) ； 吳麗瑜(Li-Yu Wu)

《台灣健康照顧研究學刊》 16期 (2014/03) Pp. 109-126

摘要

台灣學童近視盛行率逐年提高，且有近視年輕化的趨勢，視力保健持續受到教育及衛生機關的重視。然隨著電子科技的普及（如使用電腦、智慧型手機、平版電腦）以及校園靜態學習風氣等不利於學童視力保健的生活型態出現，學童近距離用眼行為及時間增加，戶外活動的時間也減少。近幾年來，戶外活動被研究證實是近視的最有效預測因子，各種動物及人體實證研究對於戶外活動預防近視的成效、機轉及預防方式已有更清楚的結論。故本文透過目前實證研究結果及校園視力保健工作現況的分析，依據渥太華健康促進的五大優先行動，包括訂定健康的公共政策、創造支持性的環境、強化社區的行動力、發展個人的技能及調整健康服務取向，提出校園近視防治在戶外活動的具體策略與方向，期能提供教育當局、學校在推動校園視力保健計畫之參考。

關鍵字

近視 ； 學童 ； 戶外活動 ； 視力保健

並列摘要

With the prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren continuing to rise annually in Taiwan, and a growing trend in its occurrence at a young age, the issue of visual health care remains at the forefront for both educational and health institutions. Along with advances in electronic technology and increases in the use of computers, smartphones, and tablets, activities in schools are becoming increasingly stationary. These developments have contributed to the existence of various unhealthy lifestyles, resulting in increases in near work activity time and decreases in outdoor activity time. In recent years, outdoor activity has been identified as being the most effective predictor of myopia. A range of empirical studies involving humans as well as animals has clearly established its preventive role, including methods and mechanisms. Therefore, an attempt was made in this article to analyze the results of evidence-based research on myopia and the current status of visual health care in schools. We also suggested specific directions and strategies for decreasing the incidence of myopia in schoolchildren through outdoor activities, according to five primary action areas outlined in the Ottawa Charter: building public health policies, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and re-orientating health care services. Several suggestions are made in line with these guidelines to provide a point of reference for educational institutions.

並列關鍵字

Myopia ； School children ； Outdoor activity ； Visual health care