應用健康信念模式分析臺灣民眾新冠肺炎之預防行為

目的：在於了解民眾對於新冠肺炎知識、健康信念與預防行為程度，並分析彼此之相關性。方法：本研究採用橫斷調查法，以13歲以上之台灣民眾為研究對象，採用便利抽樣，以結構性問卷為調查工具，經由網路社群發放。問卷分為基本資料、新冠肺炎知識、健康信念五大構面（自覺罹患性、自覺障礙性、自覺利益性、自覺嚴重性與及行動線索）與預防行為四部份，各構面Cronbach's α介於0.653~0.930之間。結果：本研究收案數共1184人，新冠肺炎知識平均得分83.73（滿分100分），健康信念各構面以李克特（Liker）的五點量表進行評分，自覺罹患性、自覺障礙性、自覺利益性、自覺嚴重性與及行動線索之平均得分分別為4.00、1.80、3.93、4.42及4.12。預防行為平均為4.29。經由逐步複迴歸分析並控制人口學變項顯示，健康信念五個構面以行動線索對預防行為最具影響性，其他依次為自覺障礙性、自覺利益性及自覺嚴重性，與自覺罹患性無統計相關。結論：本研究驗證可以應用健康信念模式預測新冠肺炎預防行為。國人的新冠肺炎知識、健康信念與預防行為皆達到良好程度。建議政府衛生機關多在媒體與網路加強相關訊息及教育宣導，以提升民眾行動線索，協助民眾掃除預防行為的障礙因素，以提升預防行為進而降低社區感染風險。

關鍵字

健康信念模式；新冠肺炎；知識；預防行為

並列摘要

Purpose: This study is aim at understanding the public's knowledge, health beliefs and prevention behaviors about COVID-19, and analyzed the relationship among them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by convenience sampling to recruit subjects over 13 years old in Taiwan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and distribute them through online communities. The questionnaire was divided into four parts, including basic information, knowledge about COVID-19, Health Belief Model (perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers of action, perceived benefits of action, perceived severity, and action clues) and preventive behavior. Cronbach α value of all scales in this study was between 0.653 and 0.930. Results: A total of 1184 individuals participated in this study. The average score of knowledge about COVID-19 was 83.73 (out of 100). The average scores of perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers of action, perceived benefits of action, perceived severity, and action clues were 4.00, 1.80, 3.93, 4.42 and 4.12, respectively. Mean of preventive behavior was 4.29. In the stepwise regression analysis under control of demographic variables, the five dimensions of health belief showed that action cues was the most influential to preventive behavior. The others were in order of perceived barriers of action, perceived benefits of action and perceived severity, but were not statistically related to perceived susceptibility. Conclusion: This study verified that the preventive behavior of COVID-19 could be predicted by Health Belief Model and that the knowledge, health belief and preventive behavior of COVID-19 of Taiwanese reached a good level. It was suggested that the official health agency provide more relevant information and health educational communication on the media and the internet to enhance the public's action clue and help the public to remove the obstacles of preventive behavior. To enhance preventive behavior of COVID-19 reduced the risk of infection in the community.

並列關鍵字

health belief model ； COVID-19 ； knowledge ； preventive behavior

參考文獻

Kwok, K.O., Li, K. K., Chan, H. H., Yi, Y.Y., Tang, A., Wei, W.I.,& Wong, Y. S. (2020). Community responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong: risk perception, information exposure and preventive measures. MedRxiv, 2020.02. 26.20028217. Prieiga per internetą:< https://doi. org/10.1101/2020.02, 26.

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