醫院護理長之職能分析

由於病患（尤其是住院病患）最常接受之照護服務是來自護理師，而領導護理師提供優質之照護服務需要仰賴護理長。因此，甄選出最合適的護理長是非常重要的。故本研究之目的一為探討護理長應具備之職能有哪些，二為探討各項職能之重要程度。本研究採文獻整理及實務經驗整理出護理長應具備哪些職能，並以模糊德爾菲法找出適合之職能題項。正式問卷發放對象為個案醫院全體護理師，獲460份有效問卷。對回收問卷之資料處理方法含次數分配法、敘述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、因素分析及變異數分析等。本研究整理出護理長應具備之職能有六大項，分別為：技術性技巧、概念化技巧、人際技巧、成就動機、個人特質與自我概念。對於技術性技巧之評分，可由各醫院依護理工作所需自訂。對於自我概念則可採用田納西自我概念量表施測。至於其餘四大項，本研究獲得概念化技巧19個題項、人際技巧10個題項、成就動機11個題項、個人特質9個題項。本研究亦針對各題項作出相對之重要程度（權重）。建議醫院可參考本研究所整理出之六大項職能甄選護理長，六大項之占比由甄選單位決定，至於各大項所含諸題項之相對權重可參考本研究之結果。

關鍵字

職能；護理長；模糊德爾菲法

並列摘要

The most care services for patients (especially hospitalized patients) come from the nurses, and the responsibility of head nurses is to lead the nurses to provide good services. Hence, it is very important to select the most suitable head nurses. The purposes of this study are to find out what kinds of competency head nurses should own and the corresponding weightings of them. We used literature research and gathered the practical experience of nursing staff, then found out the proper items of these competencies by fuzzy Delphi method. The questionnaire was issued to nurses of the case hospital and 460 copies are valid. The statistical methods we used included frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, factor analysis, and ANOVA, etc. We summarized that the competencies of head nurses covered six aspects, i.e. technical skills, conceptual skills, human skills, achievement motivation, personal traits and self-concept. The scoring of technical skills can be made by the hospital according to the needs of nursing work. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale can be used to measure self-concept. As for the remaining four aspects, we drew up suitable scales for use in the hospital, 19 items for conceptual skills, 10 for human skills, 11 for achievement motivation, and 9 for personal traits. We also got the weightings of these items. We suggest that the hospital can refer to the six aspects we summarized to select head nurses. The decision of the proportion of the six aspects is made by the hospital. As for the relative weightings of the items of these aspects, the hospital can use them to compute the scores of candidates.