多瑪斯的形上學與基督宗教哲學

多瑪斯的思想，應在中世紀神學與哲學之關係的角度而理解，中世紀學者祁爾松，稱之為基督宗教哲學家。基督宗教哲學是否可能，是二十世紀初爭論相當熱烈的課題。爭論的起點是由祁爾松所引起，他探討中世紀的思想時，將許多神學家如文都拉、多瑪斯與董史考特等，稱為基督宗教哲學家，雖然其思想內容有時涉及神學。基督宗教是信仰，其信仰之基礎是啟示；而哲學是憑理性的推理而形成的智慧，二者是否互相矛盾？我們又應如何理解基督宗教哲學？在這個背景之下，我們如何理解多瑪斯之形上學？故本文涉及兩個問題，一是基督宗教哲學，一是多瑪斯之形上學。第一個問題涉及理性與信仰之關係，第二個問題的重點是，在理性與信仰的關係之下，如何建立多瑪斯之形上學。本文分三部份討論，首先是有關基督宗教哲學爭論之淵源，其次是討論基督宗教哲學之意義，最後是多瑪斯形上學之建立。

關鍵字

基督宗教哲學；智慧；啟示；理性與信仰；祁爾松；多瑪斯；形上學；中世紀哲學

並列摘要

The metaphysics of Thomas Aquinas should be understood within the framework of the Medieaval faith and reason relation. The French Medieavalist Etienne Gilson called Aquinas, together with Bonaventure, Dun Scotus, Christian philosophers. This has started one of the heated debates at the beginning of twentieth century. Christianity is a religion the foundation of which is the belief in God's revelation. Philosophy is the wisdom acquired by rational process. Is there a contradiction of terms? Can there be a Christian Philosophy? If so, is it possible to construct a Thomistic metaphysics within this framework? As a matter of fact, two problems are examined in this paper, the problem of Christian philosophy and the problem of Thomistic metaphysics. We shall divide our discussion in three parts: (1) the general context of the controversy; (2) the concept of Christian philosophy; and (3) the possibility of reconstructing the metaphysics of Aquinas within this background.