馬克思的人性觀之析述及其意涵

Karl Marx's Concept of Man and Its Implications

洪鎌德(Lien-Te Hung)

《哲學論集》 42期 (2009/07) Pp. 49-70

https://doi.org/10.29699/FJPS.200907.0004

摘要

本文析述馬克思人性觀的來源、內容和意涵。首先指出影響馬克思對人與人性看法有古希臘的亞理士多德，近世的亞丹•斯密、黑格爾和費爾巴哈。其次討論馬克思青年時代與成年以後人性觀的改變。進一步針對人與自然、人與種類、人與社會和人與歷史，解析馬克思的特定看法。其次強調人的主動、能動、創造、自主和自由為馬克思人性觀之特質，以及這種人性觀對其一生追求人的解放之意涵，並從中引申其人性觀對運動員與體育家發揮身體文化與運動精神的啟示，最後對馬克思的人性觀做出批判與讚賞。

關鍵字

勞動人 ； 種類本質 ； 自我實現 ； 潛能轉化為現能 ； 人的解放

並列摘要

The essay deals with Marx's concept of man and its implications for his ultimate vision of human emancipation in a future communist society. The treatise discusses firstly the impact of Aristotelian, Smithian, Hegelian, and Feuerbachian ideas of man on Marx's formulation of his own view. It follows the analysis of man's relations to nature, species, society and history respectively explicated by Marx. His stress on an autonomous, free, creative and conscious human being will be dwelt upon and evaluated. Last but not least, the article elaborates the meanings and implications of Marx's conception of man for his vision of human self-realization and emancipation. In conclusion, Marx's doctrine is subject to a severe but objective criticism. His contribution to philosophical anthropology is succinctly evaluated and adequately appreciated.

並列關鍵字

homo laborans ； species beings ； self-realizations ； the transformation from potentiality to actuality ； human emancipation

參考文獻

Althusser, Louis,Brewster, B. R.(trans)(1977).For Marx.London:NLB.

Bottigelli, Emile,Mandel, Ernest(trans.)(1971).The Formation of the Economic Thought of Karl Marx.New York:Monthly Review Press.

Chamberlain, Gary L.(1963).The Man Marx Made.Science and Society.27(2),316-320.

Cohen, G. A.(1978).Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defense.Oxford:Oxford University Press.

Fetscher, Iring(1973).Karl Marx on Human Nature.Social Research.40(3),443-467.