《韓非子》「仁」概念的雙重論述－－韓非道德觀之省思

「道德」一詞在整部《韓非子》中僅出現兩次，且分別導出幾乎相反的結論。為了澄清《韓非子》道德觀的確切意涵，本文將透過釐清《韓非子》「仁」概念的正反面意涵，試圖證明韓非實乃經由傳統道德德目的改造及再詮釋而重構屬於自己一套新的道德觀。本文結構分成六個章節。在第一節的緒論中，我們介紹本文的問題意識、研究方法及文章結構。在第二節中，我們對《韓非子》的「仁」概念展開分析，主要是進入到文本本身去考察《韓非子》之「仁」概念在呈現為反面論述及正面論述的具體內容。來到第三節，我們提出調解《韓非子》「反仁論」與「尚仁論」之潛在張力的三種可能的進路，並說明只有一種進路——「反仁」實為「尚仁」的必要階段，而「尚仁」即為「反仁」之終極目的——才能達到統合《韓非子》不同使用脈絡下之「仁」概念的效果。進入第四節，我們從《韓非子》「仁」概念之重構反思其獨特的道德觀，其中焦點放在闡明韓非所標舉的正面意義的「仁」概念及其道德觀之間適當的義理關係。在第五節中，我們綜合以上的一貫論述，進一步反思道德觀在《韓非子》的思想體系中的定位及意義，試圖證明道德觀在《韓非子》哲學中有其不可化約的重要地位，值得特別重視。最後，在結語的部分，我們總結本文的核心論點，並展望《韓非子》道德觀研究後續相關的議題。

關鍵字

《韓非子》；道德觀；反仁；尚仁；君臣關係

並列摘要

The term dao-de (morality) appears only twice in the entire text of Hanfeizi and leads to diametrically opposite conclusions. In order to clarify Han Fei's view on morality, this paper analyzes the positive and negative connotations of the ren concept in Hanfeizi, aiming to demonstrate that Han Fei had in fact reconstructed his own view on morality through the deliberate reinterpretation of this traditional moral concept. The paper is divided into six sections. In the introduction, we point out the problem at hand, the research methods and the textual structure. In the second section, we conduct a comprehensive analysis on the ren concept in the text of Hanfeizi, focusing on the negative and positive discourses regarding the ren concept and their specific connotations. In the third section, we investigate three different interpretations in which Han Fei's ＂ren opposing＂ position and ＂ren championing＂ position may be mediated, arguing in the process that only one interpretation ----Han Fei's ＂opposition to ren＂ is a necessary condition for his ＂championing of ren＂, whilst his ＂championing of ren＂ is the ultimate aim of his ＂opposition to ren＂----can effectively bring about the integration of both positions. In the fourth section, we re-evaluate Han Fei's unique view on morality based on his re-formulation of the ren concept through elucidating the appropriate conceptual relationship between Han Fei's ＂ren championing＂ position and his view on morality. In the fifth section, we reflect on the prominent role and irreducible significance of Han Fei's view on morality within the entire philosophical framework of Hanfeizi. Finally, in the conclusion, we summarize the key findings of the paper and anticipate future discussions related to the topic of Han Fei's view on morality.