先秦道法之「心」的探究－從「自然心」到「自為心」的價值轉換

Pre-Qin Tao and Law on the ＂Mind＂ Study -From the value transformation on the ＂Instinct mind＂ into ＂Self advanced mind＂

郭梨華(Kuo, Li-Hua)

《哲學論集》 49期 (2018/02) Pp. 105-130

摘要

道法之心，論述的是從道家「自然之心」，尤其是黃老道家道法論，以及《莊子》之心論的結合，以進至《韓非子》「自為」之心論。這一有關人心之論述，旨在探究如何從崇尚自然之「公心」，轉化為專注經驗、現實利益之「私心」。這一轉化的根源，就在價值或說崇尚之理念的差異所致；也是對「自然」之理解的本源義向現象義的發展使然。本文大致區分四個部分，首先是就《老子》之「心」言，論其「心」乃「容」、「公」之「自然心」；其次是就帛書《老子》乙本卷前古佚書論其「心」，已將「心」轉化為物之「自為」；再次是論《莊子》之「心」與「自為」之說；最後是以宗黃老之慎到之說、《韓非子》論「自為」轉化為「自利」；並藉由這四部分有關「自然」到「自為」的論述，窺見宗黃老之法家由「道」而「法」中，對於人心建構之轉換線索。

關鍵字

老子 ； 莊子 ； 黃老 ； 心 ； 自為

並列摘要

The mind of Tao and Law on its description is based on the Taoism ＂Instinct mind＂, especially on the theory of Yellow Emperor and Laotzu's Taoism, along associated with ＂Chuangtzu＂ his mind theory, furthermore advancing into ＂Hanfeitzu＂ ＂Self advanced action＂ on whose mind theory. This description is about the mind from human being. Its goal is focus from the nature admiration ＂Public interests mind＂ turns into specified experience, real world interests, ＂Private owned mind＂; the origin of the transformation. The difference is resulted from ideal or admiring value expression, meanwhile, the outcome on the concept of ＂Nature＂ was indeed from its metaphysical and original meaning into the individual and phenomenal meaning. On this study there are 4 topics, first is the ＂Mind＂ from the writing of ＂Laotzu＂, on its assumption ＂Mind＂ is for ＂Tolerance＂, ＂Public interests＂, as a ＂Instinct mind＂. Followed by the writing of ＂Laotzu＂ on the silk scroll, Scroll 2, the long missing writing material, from its content mentioned about ＂Mind＂, at that era, ＂Mind＂ had oriented into materialized ＂Self advanced action＂. The third topic ＂Mind＂ from the writing ＂Chuangtzu＂ the expression along with ＂Self advanced action＂, finally back to its derived from the Taoism of Yellow Emperor and Laotzu, Shengdao's theory, then ＂Hanfeitzu＂ assumed with ＂Self advanced action＂ into ＂Selfish profit＂. By studying on these 4 topics from ＂Natural instinct＂ to ＂Self advanced action＂ on their arguments in order to find out ＂Tao＂ and ＂Law＂ postulated by Yellow Emperor and Laozhu, later transformed into legalists concept, to fumble out the transformation between ＂Mind＂ from the establishment of human being and its later turnover clues.

並列關鍵字

Laotzu ； Chuangtzu ； Yellow Emperor and Laotzu ； Mind ； Self advanced action

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