高齡病人就醫環境之輔助圖像研究

臺灣進入高齡化社會，隨著人口結構的改變，使得臺灣高齡獨居者或是家中無年輕人者越來越多，而隨年齡增長，高齡者的身心機能逐漸衰退，由於臺灣醫療的普及與醫療水準已具國際水準且名列前茅，鑒於臺灣高齡化日益趨增且就醫環境鮮少以高齡化角度設計，過去醫療院所內所規劃之圖像標示普遍以一般大眾為考量對象，對於弱勢族群及高齡者較為忽略。如能於醫療環境給與高齡就醫者較良好且妥善的環境圖像導引，可提升醫療院所的醫病關係及對高齡者友善的就診環境。本研究著重在高齡者在醫療院所就診環境中圖像的辨識力，對於進而輔助醫療人員或護理人員對於就診之高齡病人有所助益，本研究目的為：1.找出高齡者色彩、圖像與文字的感知於就診環境中的認知。2.找出多數高齡病人就診環境對圖像輔助的需求，提出現有環境的設計改良方向，並針對不足的部分進行設計建議，以供未來的研究者或設計師做參考。本研究將高齡者於就診時對其環境特、圖像文字、色彩辨識及身心等因素納入研究分析構面中，以探討高齡者於門診就醫的時對於輔助圖像標示偏好與辨識，釐清影響高齡者就診時的因素，探討高齡者於中大型醫療院所就診的問題。本研究針對高齡者於門診就診，利用問卷調查方式瞭解臺灣高齡者就醫時相關輔助圖像標示影響因素，自行就診所遇到的項目包含就診環境、圖像與文字的可適性及色彩的影響度，依據高齡者對於醫療院所輔助圖像標示的判斷行為。在變項設計上分為四大面向，包含：就診環境、圖像、文字、色彩辨識，以完整探討高齡者獨立就診時影響其輔助圖像標示辨識的因素。本研究選擇臺南奇美醫院作為調查地點，於民國106年2月進行問卷調查，共102份有效樣本，並且利用描述性統計分析、單一樣本t檢定、ANOVA檢定、探索性因素分析，探討高齡者於獨自就診時對於輔助圖像標示之偏好與辨識。本研究由分析結果得知，年齡高低與再往返檢驗，有顯著關係；圖像標示與文字是否清楚與了解，也有顯著關係；對於有底色的圖像比較不易引起注意、圖像色彩越少，越容易引起注意；色彩的多寡與尋找的時間，有顯著關係；仰頭找尋圖像標示與容易有顯著關係；受試者的年齡越高，圖像與文字的了解度越低。

關鍵字

高齡病人；就診環境；輔助圖像

並列摘要

Taiwan is now growing into an aged society. With the changing demographic structure, there are growing numbers of elderlies who live alone and unemployed young people staying at home. Meanwhile, the physical and psychological functions of an elder person degrade when the age grows. The levels of medical popularity and medical treatment are both among the top ones in the world. However, due to the aging trend which is increasingly prominent in Taiwan and the lack of design from the perspective of old people, the graphic signs in the hospitals are usually designed for ordinary people with few attention paid to the weak and the aged. If refined and suitable graphic guidance can be applied in the medical environments for the elderly, the doctor-patient relationship and the medical environment for the elderly can be improved. This study talks about the elderly's ability to identify graphics and pictures in hospitals and other medal environments in order to help the paramedical staff and the nursing staff attending the aged patients. The goals of this study are as follows: 1) to find out how the elderly recognize colors, graphics and characters in medical environments; 2) to identify the elderly's needs of the facilitating graphics in medical environments, to put forward plans to improve the present designs, and to provide constructive suggestions aiming at the inadequate parts which would serve as a reference for future researchers or designers. Therefore, this study will include the elderlies' preference for graphics, characters and colors and their physical and psychological factors in the analysis in order to build an all-rounded big picture of the preference for auxiliary graphic signs in clinics of the aged patients. This study looks at the elderlies seeing doctors in clinics, using questionnaires to understand the factors of the medical graphic signs, medical items including the clinical surroundings, adaptability of the graphics and the characters and level of influence that colors have. Besides, the paper includes the judgement behavior that the aged patients have to the auxiliary graphic signs in the study, and design the variables as the four following parts: clinical environment, preferences for graphics, characters and colors, in order to give a whole picture of the influence that the auxiliary graphic signs have when aged patients seeing a doctor on their own. This study chooses Tainan Chi Mei Hospital as the investigation site. The questionnaires were distributed in February 2017 and 102 valid samples were collected. Using descriptive statistical analysis, t-test on single sample, ANOVA test, and exploratory factor analysis, the paper discussed about the influence that the elderlies' preferences to graphic signs has on their independent clinical experience. Through analysis we found that there is a significant relation between the age of the patient and his/her needs for a second round of test or more; also whether the graphic sings and characters can be seen clearly affects the patients' understanding of their meanings; graphics with background colors tend to be ignored more easily, while graphics with fewer colors tend to attract attention, which has to do with that colors increases the time that people spend to identify a sign; it is easier to see a sign when looking upward; people with higher age tend to have lower level of understanding to the characters.