Alishan is probably the most internationally well-known site name in Taiwan. With the gradual prosperity of tourism industry and commercial marketing such as the demand of tea and coffee in recent years, its area seems to be larger and larger. When you enter Alishan Highway after leaving Chiayi City, you will start to see store signs and advertisements with Alishan product names before reaching Chungpu Township. Where is Alishan according to the reference of old literature? How big is its area? Was it named by Han people, or it's the original name given by Tsou people who currently live in Alishan Township? This study is aimed to clarify its trend of development by integrating the oral records of Tsou tribes in Alishan, and comparing and analyzing the literature of Taiwan Province Record and Chiayi County Record.