災難、階級、性別：勞動階級女性重傷者及其家庭的高雄氣爆經驗

本文針對2014年7月31日高雄石化氣爆事件及其災難作為研究主題，探討高雄氣爆中勞動階層重傷女性及其家庭的災難經驗、照顧工作以及社會角色實踐。本文走訪高雄前鎮區、苓雅區、鳳山區，並訪問了高雄氣爆自救」、氣爆租車業自救會及前鎮區竹東里、竹西里、苓雅區林榮里、苓雅區福東里、鳳山區、鳥崧區等不同地區的居民，亦曾電訪市政府社會局、都發局工作人員。發現高雄氣爆重傷的勞動階層女性及家庭成員面臨性別、階級、災難相互作用的複雜經驗。前行研究指出結構弱勢者易成為災難高風險族群，其中，女性與災難的關係具有以下面向：首先，女性因為社經地位、社會養成、受教育程度的差異更容易成為災民。其次，女性經常同時身為災民與照顧者雙重角色。第三，女性在災難中可能成為暴力的承擔者。第四，在重建角色上，女性經常被排除在重建的政策之外。本文以勞動重傷女性與其家庭成員的氣爆經驗為探討，指出勞動家庭重傷者氣爆後2014-2017（獲得賠償前）對未來就業與經濟條件的憂慮。其次，災後重傷者必須面臨房子搬遷以及必須將家屋改造成無障礙空間。重建不僅是道路修復與家屋重建，更面臨長期照顧的議題。第三，女性重傷者在氣爆後面臨母職認同、女性角色實踐的變遷。

關鍵字

高雄氣爆；災難；階級；性別

並列摘要

On July 31, 2014, there was a leak of propylene in Kaohsiung, causing a gas explosion and a breakdown of social order in Kaohsiung's gas-explosion area, resulting in a loss of ＂daily life.＂ This article interviews severely wounded working-classes women and their families to explore how class, gender, and disaster affect the individual's experience of the disaster. I use intersectionality concept to discuss the meaning of disaster. For labor-class women and families, after the Kaohsiung gas explosion, they have to face serious injury, economic pressure, long-term care work, and change in social roles. This paper uses the field data to construct the disaster experience of three labor families, pointing out three points: First, the female care work becomes more arduous after the disaster; secondly, the seriously injured women in the labor family have greater pressure and anxiety for rebuilding life. Third, female seriously injured people face changes in the practice of women roles after the gas explosion.