論《莊子》之「用」

The Connotation of Use of Zhuang Zi

王志楣(Chin-Mei Wang)

《花大中文學報》 1期 (2006/12) Pp. 45-66

https://doi.org/10.7000/NJCL.200612.0045

摘要

一般人多從實用性、利益性角度來判準有用無用，《莊子》則對此種之用視之為小用，並站在否定立場指出有用之弊，認為只有停止這種狹隘工具化的觀念，才能免除人生憂患獲得逍遙自在；同時，《莊子》提出其獨具之「無用之用」來理解真正的大用，揚棄世俗相對價值觀，進入存在主體層面，回歸自然道體來談「用」的哲學，認為如此方可消除世俗材用的有限性，若能以與時俱化無肯專為心態，靈活運用無用之用，最後將能達到無所不用的自得理想境界。本文側重「用」與「道」的關係分析。先陳述莊子材用觀理論提出之背景，復次分析《莊子》中有關用的種類與功能，繼之探討莊子之用與道的關係以及如何達成合於莊子道用的方式。

關鍵字

莊子 ； 用 ； 無用 ； 無用之用 ； 道

並列摘要

Most people generally define the meaning of use and useless based on its practical value and one's interest. However, Zhuang Zi argues that such definition is rather negative. He thinks that people will obtain true freedom and liberation when one dismisses such narrow-minded mindset; meanwhile, Zhuang Zi proposes a unique interpretation of the use of useless in understanding the true meaning of great use. Zhuang Zi intends to approach the philosophy of use by discarding earthly value and instead entering the aspect of the existing subjectivity and returning to the nature of Tao. He proposes this method will transcend the limitation of earthly values, understand the impermanence of life and forgo the obsession.This way, one will be able to unreservedly utilize the philosophy of use of the useless and finally achieve the ideal of the use of all things.Current study focuses on the analysis of use and Tao. In this study, the background of Zhuang Zi's theory is discusses and then the categories and functions pertaining to the concept of use in Zhuang Zi are analyzed. The last section contributes to the relation between Tao and the concept of use as well as the means to accomplish the realm of use and Tao proposed by Zhuang Zi.

並列關鍵字

Zhuang Zi ； Use ； Useless ； Use of the Useless ； Dao