論《禮記．王制》制度設計與權力的關係

On the Relations between the Imperial Power and the Designed Political System of LiJi Wangzhi

江美華(Meei-Hwa Jiang)

《花大中文學報》 1期 (2006/12) Pp. 67-106

https://doi.org/10.7000/NJCL.200612.0067

摘要

〈王制〉為《小戴禮記》四十九篇中的一篇，專論封建王者之制，與書中其他篇章不同。歷代討論封建制度、官制、朝聘、廟制時，〈王制〉是重要徵引的經典。〈王制〉一文為封建體制規劃藍圖，封建制度曾行於周代而廢於秦，漢儒主張封建，是復古的一種方式，並詳細規劃天子與諸侯的領土範圍、任官、祭祀、禮制等各種國家事務。本文嘗試分析〈王制〉可能的成書時代，並自國家制度的設計，說明儒者對封建制度的規劃、天子統治權的設計，以及刑罰主張的意義。〈王制〉對君權的維護，可說明漢儒除了在制度設計上維護君權的穩固，在刑罰上更對言論之罪的認定異於先秦孔、孟之道，可視為學者傾向君權的一種表現。

關鍵字

王制 ； 封建 ； 君權

並列摘要

Wangzhi is one of the 49 chapters of LiJi and different from all the others. This chapter is focused on the governmental structure of feudal system and has been an important reference for state system, palace rites, ancestral temple system in Chinese history.Wangzhi has been completed by Confucians of Han Dynasty, and its design of feudal system attempts back to Chou Dynasty. It provides details of regulations of territory, official systems, rites and states affairs of Tientze (son of Heaven) and feudal nobles like the dukes, marquis, etc.This paper attempts to analyze the text and then explore its significance of the imperial power according to the feudal system, the governmental structure and regulation and the penal law. Wangzhi features the support of the imperial power by the Confucians of Han Dynasty, and this attitude differs a lot from Confucius' and Mencius'.

並列關鍵字

LiJi ("Records of Ritual Matters" or "The Book of Rites") ； Wangzhi (The Royal Regulations) ； Feudal System ； lmperial Power